Chapter 21 - Imperialism Flashcards
The belief that race determines traits and capabilities.
Racism
Significance of the white mans burden.
Justification for going to Africa. Europeans wanted to “civilize” primitive people.
Britain found a new colony _________ also called “city of the lion”.
Singapore
A political unit that depends on another government for its protection.
Protectorate.
Was the colonization of Burma (Myanmar) a good or bad thing?
Bad! The Burmese monarchy fell and Britain established control over the entire country!
What was the only country in south east Asia that was free and why?
Bonus points if you know the two Kings names that played important key roles!
Thailand (Siam) because it was used as a buffer between the British and French.
King Mongkut and King Chulalongkorn. (They were super friendly kings)
Who controlled the US naval forces that defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay?
Commodore George Dewey
Who controlled the Philippines?
The United States.
Who was the leader of a movement of independence in the Philippines? (He was also the president of the Republic of the Philippines)
Emilio Aguinaldo
Did the Dutch East India company use indirect or direct rule?
Indirect
What was important about the Suez Canal?
There was a way to get exports from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean.
Who was David Livingstone?
He was an explorer and a missionary and he explored deep into central Africa.
Who was hired by King Leopold the second when David Livingstone went missing?
Henry Stanley
Who was the real driving force behind the colonization of Central Africa?
King Leopold II of Belgium
Who were big rivals during the colonization of Africa?
Germany and Great Britain
What met in 1884 and 1885 to settle conflicting claims in Africa?
The Berlin Conference
Who were the Boer?
Dutch settlers
The Boers frequently battled with the _______?
Zulu people
Who was the brutal leader of the Zulu people?
Shaka Zulu
What did Cecil Rhodes want to do and who was he?
Build a railroad through the British colonies. Cecil Rhodes was also the prime minister of the Cape Colony and planned to over throw the Boer government.
What kind of warfare was used by the Boer people?
Guerrilla
What kind of policy was used by the British in the Boer war?
The scorched earth policy.
Who were sepoys?
Indian soldiers the British East India Company hired
The British East India Company started out as a 1.___________ body but then transformed into a 2.___________ body
- Trading or economical 2. Political
The people of India became who’s “Jewel in the Crown”
Queen Victoria (the empress of India)
What happened at Kanpur?
Indians massacred 200 people.
A governor who ruled as a representative of a monarch.
Viceroy
What were some of the benefits of British rule in India?
- they brought order and stability
- led a fair and honest government
- new technology
What are some of the costs of the British rule in India?
- economic
- taxes
- disrespect towards Indians
- British encourages the Indians to grow cotton instead of food
3 big Indian trading cities.
Bombay
Madras
Calcutta
A small group of Indians met in Bombay to form the ____________.
Indian National Congress
Who was the main figure in Indians independence?
Mohandas Gandhi
Who was the most famous Indian author?
Rabindranath Tagore
Who were descendants of Europeans that were born in Latin America?
Creoles
Who were Spanish and Portuguese officials who resided temporary in Latin America?
Peninsulares
People of mixed European and Native American descent.
Mestizos
Who were the liberators of South America?
José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar
Strong leaders that ruled by military force.
Caudillos
___________ guaranteed the independence of the new Latin America.
The Monroe Doctrine
Who was the bad president who misused state funds and causes chaos in Mexico.
Antonio López de Santa Anna
Who’s rule followed Antonio López de Santa Anna? (This person also redistributed land to the poor)
Benito Juárez
Which countries became a protectorate of the US after the Spanish-American war?
Cuba and Puerto Rico
The US built the ________ in 1914.
Panama Canal
What was Latin Americas first independent nation?
Haiti
Who led forces over the Andes, surprised Spanish troops and won independence for Chile?
José de San Martín
What was a result of the Sepoy Mutiny?
The British parliament transferred powers from the British East India Company to the British government and it helped fuel Indian nationalism.
Why did Latin American countries remain economically dependent after political independence?
Because they exported raw material and imported finished goods.
The extension of a nations power over other lands.
Imperialism
How did Ethiopia remain independent?
They defended themselves with military force.
How did Liberia remain independent?
They bought their own independence.
Why were the Europeans imperializing? (5 motivations)
Religious Economic Ideological Political Exploratory
What was the Scramble for Africa?
Where nations “scrambled” to claim territory to compete with one another.
What allowed the British to Jail protestors for up to two years with no trial?
The Rowlatt Act
What the event called where British soldiers opened fired on Indians when they wanted independence?
The Amritsar Massacre
When was the Boer War?
1899-1902
Who controlled the British in the Boer war?
Paul Kitchener
Who was the key revolutionist in Burma?
Saya San
Who revolted against the harsh conditions on the sugar cane plantation? Result? Who sympathized with the Cubans?
The slaves in Cuba. The result was that they received better working conditions and the Americans sympathized with the Cubans.
What happened to the USS Maine in 1898 and where was it?
It was in Havana Harbor and exploded. It was rumored to be the Spanish’s fault and because of it the US declared war.
Who led the Mestizos to attack the Spanish?
Miguel Hidalgo
Jose de San Martin free what countries?
Argentina, Peru, and Chile.
What countries did Simon Bolívar free?
Venezuela, New Granada, and Ecuador.
Who brought reforms to Mexico including the separation of church and state?
Benito Juarez
Who created armies from minorities to fight for land reforms?
Poncho Villa and Emilio Zapata
What was the Raj?
The British rule in India.
The belief that ones own culture is superior to all others.
Ethnocentrism
To take in (information ideas or culture) or the adaptation of local people to ruling culture
Assimilate / Assimilation
To make use of for ones own advantage.
Exploitation
The deliberate killing of a large group of people.
Genocide
Crops that are grown for sale.
Cash crops
The practice of keeping people of different races, religion, ect. separate.
Segregation
The belief that a country should maintain a strong military capability.
Militarism
A policy of national isolation by rejecting to vote from alliances and other political and economic relations.
Isolationism
The policy of territorial or economic expansion.
Expansionism
A political unit that depends on another government for protection.
Protectorate
To incorporate a country within a state.
Annexed
The 19th century doctrine of belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was justified and inevitable.
Manifest Destiny
Fransisco Diaz seized control of Mexico from who?
Porfirio Díaz
Who hosted the Berlin conference?
Otto Von Bismarck
What was the US policy that stated that we could intervene in any Latin American Revolution?
The Roosevelt Corollary
Gandhi advocated what three things?
- boycotting British goods
- refusing to pay taxes
- refusing to vote
Who defined the white mans burden?
Rudyard Kipling
The US gained what two nations after the Spanish American war?
Guam and Puerto Rico
What is it called when outside power controls investment and trading?
Sphere of influence
What is it called when private business interests assert control?
Economic Imperialism
What is a national called when it governs itself, but under outside control?
A protectorate.
