Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RRPA History and Physical II > Chapter 21 (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Chapter 21 (Exam 3) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q 
The adult internal sphincter of the anus is controlled by the 
A. Autonomic nervous system
B. Central nervous system
C. Peripheral nervous system
D. Lumbar spinal reflexes
E. Sacral spinal reflexes
A

A. ANS

The internal ring of smooth muscle of the anal canal is under involuntary autonomic control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
The urge to defecate is caused by 
A. Constriction of the internal sphincter
B. Rectum filling with feces
C. Cognitive processes
D. Fluid volume in the stomach
E. Relaxation of the external sphincter
A

B. Rectum filling with feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
The proximal end of the rectum is continuous with the 
A. Transverse colon
B. Duodenum
C. Ileum
D. Internal rectal sphinter
E. Sigmoid colon
A

E. Sigmoid colon

Ascending from the anus is the rectum, then the sigmoid colon, which is at the proximal end of the rectum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The mother of a 1 week old breastfed baby tells you that she is concerned because her baby has a small bowel movement each time he feeds. You should let the mother know
A. This is normal
B. She should feed the baby less
C. This usually indicates a congenital abnormality
D. She needs to change the baby to formula
E. The baby’s internal sphincter is underdeveloped

A

A. This is normal

The newborn’s myelination of the spinal cord is incomplete, and both internal and external sphincters are under involuntary reflexive control, that is, the gastrocolic reflex. Therefore, newborns stool after each feeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
In males, which surface of the prostate gland is accessible by digital examination?
A. Median lobe
B. Posterior
C. Superior
D. Anterior
E. Lateral
A

B. posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The prostatic sulcus
A. Divides the prostate into anterior and posterior lobes
B. Is the site of the seminal vesicle emergence
C. Refers to the anterior aspect of the prostate
D. Secretes clear viscous mucus
E. Divides the prostate into right and left lateral lobes

A

E. Divides the prostate into right and left lateral lobes

The median sulcus divides the two lateral lobes and is palpated as a shallow groove.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
When the practitioner is inquiring about the patient's lower GI tract history, the inquiry should include
A. Bowel habits
B. Dietary habits 
C. Hemorrhoid surgery
D. Laxative use
E. Recent travel
A

C. Hemorrhoid surgery

Past medical history should inquire about hemorrhoids; spinal cord injury; benign prostatic hypertrophy; prostate, colorectal, breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers; and episiotomies of fourth-degree lacerations during delivery. Habits and travel history are part of personal and social history; the use of laxatives is part of history of present illness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
The effect of aging on the GI system lead to more frequent experiences of 
A. Constipation
B. Prolonged satiety
C. Diarrhea
D. Prostate glandular atrophy
E. Urges to defecate
A

A. Constipation

Older adults experience an elevated pressure threshold for the sensation of rectal distention and therefore are susceptible to constipation. They also experience early satiety, fecal incontinence, and prostate glandular hypertrophy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
Which of the following is a risk factor for anal cancer?
A. White race
B. Diet low in animal fats and proteins 
C. Physical inactivity
D. Infection with high risk HPV
E. Low body fat
A

D. Infection with high risk HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
Factors associated with increased risk of prostate cancer include
A. African American descent
B. Cigarette smoking
C. Low-fat diet
D. Alcoholism
E. Obesity
A

A. African American descent

The incidence rate of prostate cancer is higher for African American men compared with white American men. African American men also have a higher mortality rate from prostate cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
Caliber of urinary stream is routine information in the history of 
A. Adolescents
B. Infants
C. Older men
D. Sexually active men
E. Pregnant women
A

C. Older men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
Equipment for examination of the anus. rectum, and prostate routinely includes gloves and 
A. Anoscope
B. Lubricant and penlight
C. Slides and normal saline
D. Swabs and culture medium
E. Hand mirror and gauze
A

B. Lubricant and penlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
When performing a rectal exam in a man, in which position is the patient generally placed?
A. Lithotomy
B. Prone
C. Trendelenburg
D. Left lateral 
E. Supine
A

D. Left lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
Which of the following conditions is most commonly seen in adults with diabetes?
A. Pinworms
B. Pilonidal cysts
C. Perianal fistula
D. Pruritus ani
E. Anorectal fissure
A

D. Pruritus ani

DPruritus ani refers to chronic itching of the skin around the anus, which can be caused by fungal infections and is more common in diabetic patients. Pinworms are more common in children; the other conditions do not cause pruritus.MSC:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

To make visualization of polyps in the anorectal area easier, you should
A. Apply clear jelly around the anal orifice
B. Ask the patient to bear down
C. Ask the patient to relax the sphincter
D. Rotate your finger inside the anal canal
E. Have the patient contract the external sphincter

A

B. Ask the patient to bear down

Asking the patient to perform a Valsalva maneuver will make fistulas, fissures, polyps, and hemorrhoids more visible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Perianal abscesses, fissures, or pilonidal cysts will cause the patient to experience
A. Bulging and wrinkling
B. Constipation and pallor
C. Urinary symptoms
D. Tenderness and inflammation
E. Diarrhea and redness
A

D. Tenderness and inflammation

17
Q

Palpation of the anal ring is done by
A. Bidigital palpation with thumbs
B. Inserting the smallest finger into the anus
C. Pressing a gauze pad over the anus
D. Rotation of the forefinger inside the anus
E. Rotation of the forefinger outside of the anus

A

D. Rotation of the forefinger inside the anus

The anal muscular ring is palpated by rotating the examination finger. A bidigital palpation with your thumb against the perianal tissue helps assess the bulbourethral glands.

18
Q

The initial digital approach to the rectal exam should be
A. at a right angle to the anus
B. With direct horizontal pressure of fingertip
C. With the finger pad pressed against anal verge
D. During sphincter tightening
E. Bidigital palpation with thumbs

A

A. at a right angle to the anus

The initial approach should be with the finger pad pressed against the perianal area at the anal junction. The sphincter will tighten and relax, and then the examination index finger should be flexed and inserted.

19
Q 
A healthy prostate protrudes into the rectal wall a distance of \_\_\_\_cm. 
A. <1
B. 1-2
C. 2-3
D. 3-4
E. >4
A

A. <1

20
Q 
The posterior surface of the prostate can be located by palpation of the 
A. Posterior wall of the rectum
B. Anterior wall of the rectum
C. Lateral wall of the anus
D. Lower abdomen and perineum
E. Anal canal and perineum
A

B. Anterior wall of the rectum

21
Q 
The cervix may normally be palpated through the 
A. Anterior rectal wall
B. Left lateral rectal wall
C. Right lateral rectal wall
D. Posterior uterine surface
E. Posterior rectal wall
A

A. Anterior rectal wall

22
Q 
Your patient's chief complaint is repeated pencil-like stools. Further exam should include
A. Stool culture
B. Parasite testing
C. DRE
D. Prostate exam
E. Cellulose tape test
A

C. DRE

Persistent pencil-shaped stools are indicative of stenosis from scarring or pressures from a mass.

23
Q 
Very light tan or gray stool may indicate 
A. Hirschsprung disease
B. Obstructive jaundice
C. Lower GI bleeding
D. Polyposis 
E. Upper GI bleeding
A

B. Obstructive jaundice

24
Q 
Tarry black stool should make you suspect 
A. Internal hemorrhoids 
B. Rectal fistula 
C. Upper intestinal bleeding
D. Prostatic cancer
E. Lower intestinal bleeding
A

C. Upper intestinal bleeding

25
Q

PSA screening is controversial because
A. There are few false-negative results
B. PSA is produce by may other tissues
C. It is less sensitive than DRE
D. There are associated harms of false-positive test results
E. It detects prostate cancer only in its late stage

A

D. There are associated harms of false-positive test results

26
Q 
An infant with constipation and a consistently empty rectum may need evaluation for 
A. Sexual abuse
B. Hirschprung disease
C. Pilonidal cyst
D. Intestinal parasites 
E. Rectal abscess
A

B. Hirschprung disease

A consistently empty rectum in the presence of constipation is a clue to the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease. Other presentations include the failure to pass meconium in the first 24 hours coupled with a gradual onset of abdominal distention and vomiting.

27
Q 
A lower spinal cord lesion may be indicated by which finding?
A. Lack of an "anal wink"
B. Anorectal fissure
C. Anal fistula
D. Passage of meconium
E. Small flaps of anal skin
A

A. Lack of an “anal wink”

Lightly touching the anal opening of an infant should produce a contraction referred to as the “anal wink.” A negative wink may indicate a lower spinal cord lesion.

28
Q 
Pinworms and Candida may both cause 
A. Shrunken buttocks
B. Hemorrhoids
C. Perirectal irritation
D. Perirectal protrusion
E. Contipation
A

C. Perirectal irritation

29
Q

Baby Sue is born with an imperforate anus. However, her outward anal appearance is normal. When is it likely that her closed anal passageway will be suspected by her health care providers?
A. After she develops a scaphoid abdomen
B. During her first feeding when she vomits
C. When she bleeds from the rectum
D. When she fails to pass meconium stool
E. When the rectum prolapses

A

D. When she fails to pass meconium stool

30
Q 
A common cause of dark green or black stool color during pregnancy is indicative of 
A. Consumption of iron preparations
B. Consumption of vitamins
C. Intestinal parasites
D. Slow bleeding of hemorrhoids
E. Slow intestinal bleeding
A

A. Consumption of iron preparations

31
Q 
An expected anal or rectal finding late in pregnancy is the presence of 
A. Cysts
B. Rectal prolapse
C. Skin tags
D. Polyps 
E. Hemorrhoids
A

E. Hemorrhoids

32
Q 
Thrombosed hemorrhoids are 
A. Flabby skin sacs
B. Red, inflamed, and painful 
C. Fluctuant soft papules
D. Blue, shiny painful masses
E. Pink to whitish
A

D. Blue, shiny painful masses

Thrombosed hemorrhoids appear as blue, shiny masses at the anus; they contain clotted blood and are edematous and painful. Flabby skin sacs describe a resolved hemorrhoid; red, inflamed,painful, and fluctuant describe a rectal abscess. Pink to whitish growths that occur on the anus describe the findings consistent with anal warts.

33
Q 
Palpation of a normal prostate in an older adult is likely to feel 
A. Cool 
B. Grainy
C. Polypoid
D. Rubbery 
E. Hard
A

D. Rubbery

Older men are more likely to experience prostate hypertrophy, which, when palpated, feels smooth, rubbery, and symmetric.

34
Q 
Prostate exam finding of a hard, irregular, painless nodule with obliteration of the median sulcus are signs of 
A. BPH
B. Prostate cancer
C. Longstanding prostatitis
D. Swelling caused by aging
E. Acute prostatitis
A

B. Prostate cancer

35
Q 
Cellulose tape test is used for the detection of 
A. Imperforate anus
B. Condyloma
C. Anal fissure
D. Steatorrhea
E. Enterobiasis
A

E. Enterobiasis

Pinworms are collected by applying tape to the perianal folds and then pressing the tape on a glass slide.

RRPA History and Physical II (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions