Chapter 21 - Blood vessels, and hemodynamics

Question 1

Name the 3 layers of blood vessels

Answer 1

1. Tunica Intima - innermost layers
2. Tunica Media - middle layer
3. Tunica Externa - outermost layer

Question 2

Define angiogenesis

Answer 2

Formation of new blood vessels

Can be stimulated by some cancers

Question 3

Define arteries

Answer 3

Carry blood away from the heart to other organs

Question 4

Arterioles

Answer 4

small arteries that regulation the flow of blood to capillaries

Question 5

blood capillaries

Answer 5

tiny vessels that allow the exchange of substances between the blood and body tissues

Question 6

Venules

Answer 6

small veins that drain blood from capillaries

Question 7

Veins

Answer 7

Blood vessels that carry blood from the tissues back to the heart

Question 8

Why are the walls of arteries elastic?

Answer 8

allow them to absorb the pressure created by ventricles of the heart as they pump blood into the arteries

Question 9

What does the smooth musclee in the tunica Media allow?

Answer 9

can regulation their diameter, allowing artiers to increase/decrease lumen size and to limit bleeding from wounds

Question 10

Name and describe the 2 types of arteries

Answer 10

Elastic arteries (conducting arteries)
 Large diameter
 More elastic fibers, less smooth muscle
 Walls function as pressure reservoirs

Muscular arteries (distributing arteries)
 Medium diameter
 More smooth muscle, fewer elastic fibers
 Distribute blood to various parts of the body
 Can contract (vasoconstriction) and relax
(vasodilation)

Question 11

Define what are anastomoses?

Answer 11

they are the union of branches of 2 or more arteries supplying the same region of the body

Question 12

What are arteries that do not form an anastomosis called?

Answer 12

“end arteries”

Question 13

What can anastomoses also consist of

Answer 13

2 veins or a vein and an artery

Question 14

That does vasoconstriction and vasodilation do?

Answer 14

Vasoconstriction decreases the size of the lumen of blood vessel, while vasodilation increases size of lumen

Question 15

The smaller the vessel, the greater the __________

and the greater the resistance, more decreased flow and higher ____

Answer 15

resistance

BP

Question 16

The blood flow through calipparies is called the ___________________

Answer 16

microcirculation

Question 17

How are capillaries built?

Answer 17

they are composed of a single layer of cells and abasement membrane

Question 18

where are capillaries present?

Answer 18

brain, liver kidney, muscle, nervous tissue

Question 19

Where are capillaries absent?

Answer 19

cornea, lens of eye, cartilage, covering/lining epithelia

Question 20

What are the 3 types of capllaries

Answer 20

Continuous cap.
Fenestrated cap.
sinusoids cap.

Question 21

describe continuous capillaries

Answer 21

they are continuous and are found in CNS, lungs, muscle tissue, and the skin

Question 22

Describe fenestrated capillaries

Answer 22

Found in kidneys, small intestine villi, choroid, plexuses of the brain, parts of the eyes and most endocrine glands

Question 23

describe sinusoids

Answer 23

wider than other caps. found in red bone marrow, liver, spleen, anterior pituitary, parathyroid and suprarenal glands

Question 24

What are venules?

Answer 24

they are small vessels formed by the union of several capillaries.

Question 25

What's the smallest venules types

Answer 25

smallest venules

Question 26

What are muscular venules

Answer 26

they are distendible and serve as blood reservoirs

Question 27

What is bulk flow

Answer 27

the passive process in which large numbers of ions, molecules or particles in a fluid move together in the same direction

Question 28

The movement of water and dissolved substances(except proteins) through capillaries is dependent upon _________________ and _____________

Answer 28

hydrostatic osmotic pressures