Chapter 21

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

Complete set of DNA in a single cell of an organism

Question 2

Genomics (4 types)

Answer 2

Structural
Functional
Comparative
Metagenomics

Question 3

Structural genomes

Answer 3

• sequencing genomes

- analyzing nucleotide sequences to identify genes

Question 4

Whole-genome sequencing (shotgun cloning) - 3 steps

Answer 4

1. Genomic DNA cut into multiple overlapping fragments (contains)
2. Overlapping sequenced fragments aligned using computer programs to assemble entire chromosome
3. Fragments aligned based on identical DNA sequences

Question 5

Clone-by-clone approach

Answer 5

Map-based cloning… DNA fragments from restriction digests are aligned, creating a restriction map of the chromosome
- Restriction fragments are ligated into vectors

Question 6

Functional genomics

Answer 6

• study of gene functions

- based on resulting RNAs

Question 7

Homologous genes

Answer 7

genes that are evolutionarily related

Question 8

Orthologs

Answer 8

Genes from different species through to have descended from a common ancestor

Question 9

Paralogs

Answer 9

Homologous genes in the same species

Question 10

Whole-genome shotgun approach

Answer 10

Sequences genomes from entire communities of microbes in environmental samples of air, water, and soil