Chapter 21 Flashcards
Why were the janissaries able to become the most powerful part of the military force?
Control over firearms & artillery
What was the tittle given to the head of the ottoman bureaucracy?
Uizear
From whom did they face an emerging threat?
West
What was the capital of the Safavid empire?
Isfahan
What economic benefit did the Ottoman Empire have that Safavid did not?
Trade with non-Muslims
What did Abbas the great do to weaken the Safavid empire?
Killed rivals & anyone who could overpower him
Who was the founder of the Mughal dynasty?
Babuar
Why did the Ottoman Empire have trouble choosing a new leader?
No established principle of succession
What did the ottomans do after they captured Constantinople?
Restored the city
How long did the Ottoman Empire last?
Over 600 years
What is a similarity between the ottoman artisans and the artisans in the west?
Organized in guilds
What did the religion Din-i-llahi, invented by Akbar, attempt to do?
Blend elements of many faiths
What happened to Din-I-llahi after Akbar’s death?
Religion died off, rejected by Hindus & Muslims
What was the famous export of the Mughal dynasty?
Cotton textiles
What were reasons for the decline of the Mughal dynasty by the reign of Aurangzeb?
Bloated & corrupt bureaucracy
Backward army & declining living standards
What did Aurangzeb do to further weaken the empire?
Not tolerate 2 Hindus which led to 2 rebellions
What branch of Islam did the ottomans represent?
Sunni
What branch of Islam did the Safavid represent?
Shia
Why was the battle of Chaldean in 1514 so important?
Checked the first western advance of Shia & Ottoman Turks lost many people
What European nation first threatened the ottoman monopoly of trade with east Africa and India?
Portugal
On what peninsula was the original base of the Ottoman Turks?
Anatolia (Asia minor)
In what year did the Ottomans conquer Constantinople?
1453
Even though the ottomans had a powerful navy, what were they unable to prevent?
European intervention in the Indian Ocean
Who were the janissaries?
Christian boys taken as slaves to serve in the military
Give four reasons for the decline of the Ottoman Empire:
- ) local officials kept large amount of tax revenues for themselves
- ) quality of sultans declined
- ) Western Europe grew more powerful
- ) oppressed demands from local officials
Give four results of the loss of the Ottomans monopoly over the Indian spice trade:
- ) Spices enriched Christian empires
- ) loss of revenue
- ) out of date Muslim fleets
- ) internal unrest under Ottoman rule
Why did the janissaries frustrate reforms within the Ottoman Empire?
They wanted to attain their military position
Give four accomplishments of Babur:
- ) Fine military strategics
- ) wrote 1 of the great history of India
- ) fine musician
- ) established the Mughal Dynasty
Give four accomplishments of Akbar:
- ) patronized arts
- ) expanded Mughal conquest
- ) encouraged intermarriage between Hinduism & Muslims
- ) oversaw military & administrative system
