Chapter 20

Question 1

What was the term for the commercial arrangement by which African slaves were shipped to the Americas, sugar and tobacco were carried to Europe, and European manufactured goods were transported to Africa?

Answer 1

Triangle trade

Question 2

Despite enormous efforts, what did slaves live in?

Answer 2

Family units

Question 3

Who did the Swahili trading cities do business with?

Answer 3

Portuguese & Ottoman Turks

Question 4

How successful were the Portuguese at disrupting Indian Ocean trade?

Answer 4

never able to completely disrupt trade in east Africa

Question 5

While slavery had died out in most of Europe during the Middle Ages, where did it remain?

Answer 5

Serfs, Iberia

Question 6

How did the Portuguese acquire most of their slaves?

Answer 6

Trade from African rulers

Question 7

What was the Spanish term for a healthy adult male slave?

Answer 7

Indies pece

Question 8

In 1652, what group established a colony at the cape of good hope?

Answer 8

Dutch

Question 9

What area of Africa was least affected by the slave trade?

Answer 9

South Africa

Question 10

What gender was the primary target of the trans-Saharan slave trade?

Answer 10

Women

Question 11

What gender was the primary target of the trans-Atlantic slave trade?

Answer 11

Men

Question 12

In 1818, who assumed leadership in the Zulu chiefdom of the Nguni people of Southern Africa?

Answer 12

Shaka Zulu

Question 13

What was the result of the political disruption of the Mfecane and the movement of the Zulu?

Answer 13

Sent African groups fleeing into Portuguese boers

Question 14

Why was it necessary to maintain a high volume of slaves to the Americas?

Answer 14

High mortality, low fertility

Question 15

In what century were the largest number of slaves brought across the atlantic?

Answer 15

18th century / 1700

Question 16

How did the profitability of the trans-Atlantic slave trade compare to other business activities?

Answer 16

A bit more profitable

Question 17

How did the slave trade help the Asante and Dehomey states in Africa?

Answer 17

Traded slaves for firearms

Question 18

What did the Portuguese factories require in order to operate?

Answer 18

Cooperation of local leaders

Question 19

Which of the European countries was the first to establish contact with sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 19

Portugal

Question 20

What was the main African contribution to the columbian exchange?

Answer 20

Slaves

Question 21

What was the average mortality rate for slaves shipped to the Americas in the Atlantic slave trade?

Answer 21

About 20%

Question 22

What was the sale voyage to the Americas called?

Answer 22

Middle passage

Question 23

Why did the British colonies depend less on imported Africans?

Answer 23

Higher birth rate

Question 24

Wherever slaves were used, what was the reaction of the slaves?

Answer 24

Run away, direct rebellion

Question 25

Give four aspects of the model established by the Portuguese in Africa:

Answer 25

1. ) Fortified trading stations
2. ) force & diplomacy
3. ) slaves made up commercial dependency
4. ) bare trade to access goods

Question 26

Name four aspects that contribute to the development of large kingdoms in Africa:

Answer 26

1. ) European demand for slaves
2. ) traded for firearms
3. ) potatoes, corn
4. ) population improved agriculture