Chapter 20 Flashcards
What was the term for the commercial arrangement by which African slaves were shipped to the Americas, sugar and tobacco were carried to Europe, and European manufactured goods were transported to Africa?
Triangle trade
Despite enormous efforts, what did slaves live in?
Family units
Who did the Swahili trading cities do business with?
Portuguese & Ottoman Turks
How successful were the Portuguese at disrupting Indian Ocean trade?
never able to completely disrupt trade in east Africa
While slavery had died out in most of Europe during the Middle Ages, where did it remain?
Serfs, Iberia
How did the Portuguese acquire most of their slaves?
Trade from African rulers
What was the Spanish term for a healthy adult male slave?
Indies pece
In 1652, what group established a colony at the cape of good hope?
Dutch
What area of Africa was least affected by the slave trade?
South Africa
What gender was the primary target of the trans-Saharan slave trade?
Women
What gender was the primary target of the trans-Atlantic slave trade?
Men
In 1818, who assumed leadership in the Zulu chiefdom of the Nguni people of Southern Africa?
Shaka Zulu
What was the result of the political disruption of the Mfecane and the movement of the Zulu?
Sent African groups fleeing into Portuguese boers
Why was it necessary to maintain a high volume of slaves to the Americas?
High mortality, low fertility
In what century were the largest number of slaves brought across the atlantic?
18th century / 1700
How did the profitability of the trans-Atlantic slave trade compare to other business activities?
A bit more profitable
How did the slave trade help the Asante and Dehomey states in Africa?
Traded slaves for firearms
What did the Portuguese factories require in order to operate?
Cooperation of local leaders
Which of the European countries was the first to establish contact with sub-Saharan Africa?
Portugal
What was the main African contribution to the columbian exchange?
Slaves
What was the average mortality rate for slaves shipped to the Americas in the Atlantic slave trade?
About 20%
What was the sale voyage to the Americas called?
Middle passage
Why did the British colonies depend less on imported Africans?
Higher birth rate
Wherever slaves were used, what was the reaction of the slaves?
Run away, direct rebellion
Give four aspects of the model established by the Portuguese in Africa:
- ) Fortified trading stations
- ) force & diplomacy
- ) slaves made up commercial dependency
- ) bare trade to access goods
Name four aspects that contribute to the development of large kingdoms in Africa:
- ) European demand for slaves
- ) traded for firearms
- ) potatoes, corn
- ) population improved agriculture
