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Biochem > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Triglycerides

A

A triester of glycerol with 3 fatty acids

All three hydroxyl groups of glycerol are esterfied with fatty acids

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2
Q

Fatty acids of triglycerides

A
  • all unbranched
  • 10-20 carbons
  • even number of carbons
  • no functional groups but the COOH
  • most are cis
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3
Q

Melting point of fatty increases when

A

There are more carbons and as the number of double bonds decreases

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4
Q

Fats

A

-esters of fatty acids with glycerol

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5
Q

Triglycerides rich in UNSATURATED fatty acids

A

Oils

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6
Q

Triglycerides rich in SATURATED fatty acids

A

Fats

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7
Q

Esters of fatty acids with higher molecular weight alcohols (monohydric)

A

Waxes

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8
Q

Saponification

A

Base promoted hydrolysis of fats and oils in aqueous NaOH that produces glycerol and a fatty acid mixture (soap)

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9
Q

Phospholipids

A

Contain an alcohol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate ester

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10
Q

Two main groups of complex lipids

A

Phospholipids and glycolipids

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11
Q

GlyceroPHOSPHOLIPID

A
  • alcohol is glycerol
  • derived from phosphatidic acid
  • two of the three hydroxyl groups are esterfied with fatty acids: the third hydroxyl group is esterfied with phosphoric acid, which is also esterfied with another alcohol
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12
Q

Phosphatidylcholine

A
  • a glycerophospholipid
  • if the other alcohol is choline
  • common name: lecithin
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13
Q

Cephalins

A
  • glycerophospholipid

- additional phosphate ester is provided by ethanolamine or serine

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14
Q

Sphingolipid

A
  • phospholipid

- contain sphingosine

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15
Q

Glycolipids

A

Contains carbohydrates (glucose or galactose)

  • fatty acids
  • and ceramides
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16
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Carry cholesterol

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17
Q

Cholesterol

A

Precursor of all steroid hormones and bile acids

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18
Q

Mineralocorticoid

A

Regulates Na+ and K+ ions concentration

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19
Q

Glucocorticoid

A

Controls carbohydrate metabolism

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20
Q

Bile salts

A

Oxidation products of cholesterol

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21
Q

Prostaglandins

A

20 carbon sketeton

-derived from arachidonic acid

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22
Q

Thromboxanes

A

Derived from arachidonic acid

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23
Q

Leukotrienes

A

Synthesized from arachidonic acid
Mainly in leukocytes
Produce muscle contraction especially in the lungs

24
Q

Acetic acid

A

2

25
Q

Butyric acid

A

4

26
Q

Valeric acid

A

5

27
Q

Caproic acid

A

6

28
Q

Lauric acid

A

12

29
Q

Myrisric acid

A

14

30
Q

Palmitic acid

A

16

31
Q

Stearic acid

A

18

32
Q

Palmitoleic acid # of carbons

A

16

33
Q

Location of DB on palmitoleic acid

A

9

34
Q

Oleic acid (#C)

A

18

35
Q

DB on oleic acid

A

9 (cis)

36
Q

Elaidic (#C)

A

18

37
Q

DB on elaidic acid

A

9 (trans)

38
Q

Linoleic acid (#C)

A

18

39
Q

DB on linoleic acid

A

9 and 12

40
Q

Gamma linolenic acid (#C)

A

18

41
Q

DB on gamma linolenic acid

A

6, 9, and 12

42
Q

Alpha lineolenic acid (#C)

A

18

43
Q

DB on alpha linolenic acid

A

9, 12, and 15

44
Q

Arachidonic acid (#C)

A

20

45
Q

DB on arachidonic acid

A

5, 8, 11, 14

46
Q

Timnodonic acid (#C)

A

20

47
Q

DB on timnodonic acid

A

5, 8, 11, 14, 17

48
Q

Cervonic acid (#C)

A

22

49
Q

DB on cervonic acid

A

4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19

50
Q

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate is cleaved into which two molecules?

A

Diacylglycerol and inositol tris phosphate that act as secondary messengers

51
Q

Cardiolipin

A

Only in mitochondria and is essential for its function

52
Q

Lysophosphatodylcholine

A

Enzymatic removal of the fatty acid at carbon 2

53
Q

Plasmalogens

A

Occur in brain and muscle

Structurally similar to phosphatidylethanolamine

54
Q

Gangliosides

A

Complex glycosphingolipids derived from glucosylceramide that contain one or more molecules of sialic acid

55
Q

Neuraminic acid

A

-principle sialic acid

56
Q

Are gangliosides present in low or high concentrations?

A

HIGH

57
Q

Simple lipids

A

Includes fats and waxes

Biochem (9 decks)

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