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Electrical Engineering Utilities > Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 > Flashcards

Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 2 title

A

Building ELECTRICAL MATERIALS and EQUIPMENT

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2
Q

Chapter 2.1 title

A

Power Generation and Transmission

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3
Q

Nearly all of the electrical energy consumed is __________, _________, and ________ by large public or privately owned utility companies.

A

generated, transmitted and distributed

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4
Q

Consumers purchase electricity from these ________ companies, either ________ or through a _________________.

A

utility, directly, cooperative association

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5
Q

Electricity is usually produced at a _____________ and is conveyed through a transmission system of overhead metal cables supported on high towers. At the ______________, electricity is usually generated in the range of
________________.

A

power station, 2.4 to 13.2 kV.

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6
Q
  • it is an industrial facility that house equipment to generate electricity from _____________.
A

POWER STATION, primary energy

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7
Q

Most power plants use _____________ that convert____________ into ___________ in order to supply power to the electrical _____ for society’s electrical needs.

A

one or more generators, mechanical energy, electrical energy, grid

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8
Q

EFFICACY RATE OF CONVERTING HEAT ENERGY TO MECHANICAL ENERGY for Fossil fuel plant

A

40%

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9
Q

EFFICACY RATE OF CONVERTING HEAT ENERGY TO MECHANICAL ENERGY for Nuclear Plant

A

30%

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10
Q

A mechanical device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

A

Generators

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11
Q
  • rotated by the generator, is a ____ with ________________ wrapped around an iron core
    through stationary magnetic field, toproduce current flow.
A

ARMATURE, shaft, conductor windings, produce current flow.

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12
Q
  • a rotary engine, is connected to the _____________ and drives the rotation of the __________.
A

TURBINE, generator, armature shaft

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13
Q
  • High pressure _____ moves through turbine thus rotating the _____ attached to _________.
A

STEAM TURBINE, steam, discs, turbine shaft

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14
Q
  • the ________ is produced by heating water through burning of _______, ________, ________, or ________________.
A

STEAM TURBINE, steam, burning of coals, oil, natural gas, or heat coming from nuclear reaction.

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15
Q

The most ______________________ typically generate power continuously, unless off line for maintenance or repairs.

A

economical power stations

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16
Q

During periods of ___________, ____________ power stations are brought on-line.

A

heavy demand, less­ economical

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17
Q

For ___________________, a ____________ steps up the voltage to above ______, usually between ______________.

A

economical transmission, step-up transformer, 39 kV, 115 kV to 765 kV

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18
Q

___________________ is now being explored for equipment and lines rated for _______.

A

Ultra-high voltage transmission, 1100 kV

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19
Q

Distribution line voltages are generally _______, _______, ________ or _________, although higher voltages can be made available if loads are large enough.

A

4160 V, 4800 V, 6900 V or 13,200 V

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20
Q

______________ at ________ requires ____________, and subsequently, there are _______ power losses in the transmission lines.

A

Power transmission, high voltages, less amperage, lower

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21
Q

________________ are small facilities in fenced yards that contain ____________, __________, _______________.

A

Power substations, transformers, switches and other electrical equipment

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22
Q

It is created to avoid danger of high-voltage power transmission in populated areas.

A

Power substations

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23
Q
  • used to __________ down the transmission voltages to safer distribution levels.
A

POWER SUBSTATIONS, reduce or step down

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24
Q
  • generally ________, _______, and _________ _________________. _______________ is obtained from one phase of a set of three phase line.
A

POWER UTILITIES, generate, transmit, and distribute, three-phase AC power.
Single-phase AC power

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25
Q
  • use highest transmission and distribution voltages consistent with _______ and ____________.
A

UTILITIES, safe and economical use

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26
Q

It is very economical to carry power at high voltage because it requires larger conductors. (T or F)

A

F (smaller)

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27
Q

High voltages introduce safety
clearance hazards, so high voltages are reserved for use in unpopulated areas or special applications. (T or F)

A

T

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28
Q

________________ MEANS ___________ ( AND __________________) FOR A SPECIFIC LOAD. IT IS MORE __________, BUT MORE ___________, TO TRANSMIT POWER AT ______________.

A

HIGHER VOLTAGE. LOWER AMPERAGE, SMALLER CONDUCTOR SIZE, ECONOMICAL, DANGEROUS, HIGH VOLTAGE.

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29
Q

Chapter 2.2 title

A

Building Electrical Service Equipment

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30
Q
  • passageway where wires are connected to the load side of the meter enters the house or building.
A

Service Entrance

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31
Q
  • commonly used to supply power to your home- carrying power from the ____________ through a __________ to the building’s service disconnects
A

SERVICE ENTRANCE, transformer, metering device

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32
Q
  • comprises three cables ( two hot and one neutral} that run from the ___________ to the point of attachment at the _________, then down an entrance cable or conduit to the ___________. In this type of system, the utility company’s equipment ends at the ______________ to the house.
A

SERVICE ENTRANCE, utility lines, weatherhead, meter socket, point of attachment

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33
Q
  • extend from a pole mounted distribution transformer to the building’s service entrance
A

Overhead Service Entrance Conductors (Service Drop)

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34
Q
  • the penetration is sealed with a __________ to keep from leaking.
A

Overhead Service Entrance Conductors (Service Drop), roof boot

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35
Q
  • connections at the __________ is extended at least _________ above the roofline and at least _________ the ground.
A

Overhead Service Entrance Conductors (Service Drop), weatherhead, 2 to 3 feet above, 10 feet above

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36
Q
  • are two hot wires and usually has three conductors: ____________ and a ________.
A

UNDERGROUND SERVICE ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS (SERVICE LATERAL), two hot wires and a neutral.

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37
Q
  • the ____________ is attached to the ________ and is fed through a ____________ attached to the utility company’s __________.
A

UNDERGROUND SERVICE ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS (SERVICE LATERAL), feeder wire, transformer, PVC conduit sleeve, power pole

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38
Q
  • it should be trenched at least ________________ so to avoid damage.
A

UNDERGROUND SERVICE ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS (SERVICE LATERAL), 4 feet underground

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39
Q
  • receives the service entrance conductors.
A

SERVICE ENTRANCE EQUIPMENT

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40
Q
  • the service equipment includes measuring _______ through an _____________, a method of cutting off power, and overcurrent protection devices (circuit breakers or fuses) that protect the service entrance conductors.
A

SERVICE ENTRANCE EQUIPMENT, power,electric meter

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41
Q
  • an instrument that is used by the utility company to ________ and ________ electrical energy consumed.
A

ELECTRIC METER, measure, record

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42
Q

-as the current flow, the _________, and ____________ revolve to record the amount of power used in ______________ (kWh).

A

ELECTRIC METER, disc rotates, pointers on dials, kilowatt-hours

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43
Q
  • used in building services rated up to about ________.
A

FEED-THROUGH METER, 400 A

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44
Q
  • this meter is a small electric motor
A

FEED-THROUGH METER

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45
Q
  • with a speed that is proportional to the power consumed
A

FEED-THROUGH METER

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46
Q
  • used in building services rated above about ______.
A

CURRENT-TRANSFORMER (C/T), 400A

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47
Q
  • measure ________ through each ungrounded (hot) conductor.
A

CURRENT-TRANSFORMER (C/T), amperage

48
Q
  • housed in an enclosure called a _____________ that is part of the service entrance equipment.
A

CURRENT-TRANSFORMER (C/T),
CIT cabinet

49
Q
  • a required part of the service entrance equipment allows electrical service from the utility company to be _________ so that power is disconnected to the building installation. It is a __________ or a _________ that protects the service entrance conductors
A

SERVICE DISCONNECT switched off, set of fuses, circuit breaker.

50
Q

-a large cabinet or assembly of metal cabinets with electrical switches and devices connect/ disconnects electric
circuits, either manual or automatic.

A

SWITCH BOARD

51
Q

-generally distributes _______ to transformers. panelboards, control equipment, and ultimately to individual system loads.

A

SWITCH BOARD, power, transformers. panelboards, control equipment, individual system loads

52
Q
  • contains _________________ (fuses or circuit breakers) and instruments designed to neutralize/divide a large amount of ____________ into suitable levels for other electrical equipment.
A

SWITCH BOARD, overcurrent protection devices, electrical power

53
Q
  • floor mounted, rated for current levels of ____________, and voltages _____________.
A

SWITCH BOARD, 1200 to 6000 amperes (A), below 600 volts (V)

54
Q
  • wall mounted, single unit of one or more metal cabinets, including buses, automatic overcurrent protection devices(fuses or circuit breakers).
A

PANELBOARD

55
Q
  • equipped with or without _____________ for light, heat, and power circuits
A

PANELBOARD, controlling switches

56
Q
  • it consists of a sheet of a metal box, a cabinet cover, and an interior section that encloses and protects the vertical buses containing vertical buses used to distribute power.
A

PANELBOARD

57
Q
  • it may be referred to as a ___________ or _________ typically used in residential applications.
A

PANELBOARD, power panel, load center

58
Q
  • usually, it works as a _________ to change the volatge, current and phase of electrical power transmitted and distributed from the ________source to a _____________.
A

TRANSFORMERS, regulator, voltage, current, and phase of electrical power, primary power, specific substation.

59
Q

A building transformer is rated in kvA. (T or F)

A

T

60
Q

Every Transformer comes with a nameplate that typically identifies:

A

kVA
Primary and Secondary Voltage
Impedance (if 25kVA or larger)
Required clearances (if it has ventilating openings)

61
Q
  • has a ____________ that is less than its primary voltage
A

STEP- DOWN TRANSFORMER, secondary voltage

62
Q
  • typically used in buildings to reduce building system ________ touseable levels.
A

STEP- DOWN TRANFORMER, voltages

63
Q
  • one with a ____________ that is greater than its ________.
A

STEP- UP TRANSFORMER, secondary voltage, greater, primary voltage.

64
Q
  • _________ build up prematurely deteriorates a _________. The transformer’s desirable operation level is at only ____________; above this rate will _____ the transformer’s life by _______.
A

TRANSFORMERS HEAT HAZARD, Heat, transformer, 20°F(11°C), cut, half

65
Q
  • it is caused by internal losses from _______, __________, and _________ in exterior locations
A

TRANSFORMERS HEAT HAZARD, internal losses, loading, high ambient air temperature, and solar radiation

66
Q
  • small transformers use ________ by ventilation while larger ones are __________.
A

VARIOUS HEAT REDUCTION FEATURES, air cooling, liquid­ cooled

67
Q
  • ________________ transformer has its _____ and ____ in a _______or ___________.
A

VARIOUS HEAT REDUCTION FEATURES, ventilated dry-type, coils, core, gaseous, dry compound

68
Q
  • _____________ transformer has its core and coils immersed in an ____________.
A

VARIOUS HEAT REDUCTION FEATURES, Liquid-immersed, insulating liquid

69
Q
  • has a single primary winding, single secondary winding
A

SINGLE- PHASE TRANSFORMER

70
Q
  • a 7200/240/120 V AC is a __________ transformer commonly used in most _________ and __________ applications.
A

SINGLE- PHASE TRANSFORMER single-phase, residential, small commercial

71
Q
  • a 7200 V, two-wire power is transformed and stepped down to a 120/240 V AC, three-wire system.
A

SINGLE- PHASE TRANSFORMER

72
Q
  • a three-phase transformer has three primary and three secondary windings.
A

THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMERS

73
Q
  • it has two main types
A

THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMERS, delta and wye system.

74
Q
  • windings are connected in series, forming a triangle, thus resembling the Greek letter Delta.
A

DELTA- CONNECTED TRANSFORMER

75
Q

Only a single voltage level is available: the phase to phase voltages. (T or F)

A

T

76
Q
  • obtaining other voltages can only be done using ______ or __________.
A

DELTA- CONNECTED TRANSFORMER, step- up and step- down transformers

77
Q
  • it has _____________ windings connected at a common point, called a ______ or _________.
A

WYE CONNECTED TRANSFORMER (Y), three independent transformer, neutral or star point.

78
Q
  • the angular displacement of each winding is at __________, resembling a ________ physical arrangement of the winding.
A

WYE CONNECTED TRANSFORMER (Y), 120 degree, Y shaped

79
Q
  • an ectrical device that converts three-phase electric power without a neutral into three phase power with a neutral wire.
A

DELTA- WYE (6-Y) TRANSFORMER

80
Q
  • additional transformer combinations such as _______________________ are available.
A

DELTA- WYE (Y-Y) TRANSFORMER, wye- wye (Y-Y), delta- delta, and wye- delta)

81
Q

Historically, standardized
system voltages related to _____ transformers’ use were based on multiples of 120V ( ex. 120 V, 240 V, 480 V, 7200 V). Voltages that have the 1.732 as a multiplier are ___________ (e.g., 208 V, 4160 V 12.47 kV).

A

delta, wye connections

82
Q

New distribution transformers are very efficient, with losses of less than _______ in large units. Most large facility distribution transformers convert at least ______ of input power into useable output power. Smaller closet transformers have efficiencies of _____ or above.

A

0.25%, 95%, 98%

83
Q

Chapter 2.3 title

A

Overcurrent Protection

84
Q
  • safeguards the circuit components from _________ when the current flowing through the circuit reaches an _________ that will cause an excessive or dangerous temperature rise in conductors.
A

OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (OCP) DEVICE, overheating, amperage

85
Q
  • ________ and __________ serve as automatic overcurrent protection devices that are designed to ______ a circuit if the amount of current, in amps, that flows through the circuit exceeds the OCP device rating.
A

OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (OCP) DEVICE, fuses and circuit breakers, open.

86
Q
  • an OCP that acts as a switch that can be _____ and _______ manually, and it automatically “_________” which _____ the circuit when the current flowing through it _______ the circuit rating.
A

CIRCUIT BREAKER, switch, opened, closed, trips off opens, exceeds, circuit rating.

87
Q
  • a voltage rating classifies it in amperage (A) and current-carrying capacity in volts (V). (T or F)
A

CIRCUIT BREAKER, F (volts, amperage)

88
Q
  • the __________ is the __________ voltage the circuit breaker can carry.
A

CIRCUIT BREAKER, voltage rating, maximum

89
Q

The voltage of the electrical circuit or system being protected by the circuit breaker must exceed the circuit breaker voltage rating. (T or F)

A

F (must not)

90
Q
  • most popular type of circuit breaker
A

THERMAL MAGNETIC TYPE

91
Q
  • it consists of the ____________that bends when heated by power loss
A

THERMAL MAGNETIC TYPE, bimetallic strip

92
Q
  • when current flow is excessive, the ____________ _ heats up, bends and , trips a release that opens contacts and interrupts the current flow.
A

THERMAL MAGNETIC TYPE, circuit breaker

93
Q
  • when tested in the open air, it can carry a load of about ____ above its rating and hold _____ above its rating for a minute.
A

THERMAL MAGNETIC TYPE, l0%, 50%

94
Q
  • other characteristics include the current­ limiting feature that instantly trips at its rating and the ____rated part limiting the load to ______ when the load is continuous for over __ hours.
A

THERMAL MAGNETIC TYPE, l00%, 80%, 3

95
Q

THE UL (UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES, INC.) STANDARD CIRCUIT BREAKER RATINGS FOR ELECTRICAL CURRENT:

A

FOR AC: 120 V, 120/240 V, 277 V, 277/480 V, 480 V, and 600 V
FOR DC: 125 V, 250 V, and 600 V

96
Q

CIRCUIT BREAKERS THAT PROTECT THE UNGROUNDED (HOT) CONDUCTORS IN A CIRCUIT:

A

SINGLE POLE (SP), TWO POLE (2P), THREE POLE (3P)

97
Q
  • protecting a single ungrounded conductor
A

SINGLE POLE (SP)

98
Q
  • when protecting two ungrounded conductors such as on a 240 V circuit.
A

TWO POLE (2P)

99
Q
  • used when protecting three ungrounded conductors on a three phase circuit.
A

THREE POLE (3P)

100
Q
  • an overcurrent protective device with a _________ fusible part that is heated and severed by the passage of overcurrent through it.
A

FUSES, circuit-opening

101
Q
  • a reliable and simple OCPD made in various configurations fundamentally comprised of “_______” links encapsulated in a tube or housing connected to terminals. The _______________ is so low that it acts as a conductor until it encounters current levels above its amp rating. Then it _____and ______ the circuit to protect conductors, components and loads
A

FUSES, fusible, link’s electrical resistance, melts, opens

102
Q
  • act as “______________” by providing a _____ link in the circuit path that, when properly applied, will melt and open the circuit to _____ or ________ any damage that can be caused by an excessive flow of current.
A

electricity’s safety valve, weak, minimize, eliminate

103
Q
  • it comes in a ___________ with a sight glass that shows if the fuse is blown or not
A

PLUG FUSES, screw-type configuration

104
Q
  • the older type fuses have a __________ on the side and a central contact point. The more contemporary style, __________, has a plastic line with a _________ contact and a _______ contact
A

PLUG FUSES, brass screw thread, Edison-based, spring-type, centre

105
Q
  • it is used to protect electrical appliances such as _____, _________, ________, ________ etc., where high ______ ratings and _________ are required
A

CARTRIDGE FUSES, electrical appliances, motors, air-condition, refrigerators, pumps, voltage, currents

106
Q
  • they are available up to ______ and ________ and widely used in industries, commercial, and home distribution panels
A

CARTRIDGE FUSES, 600A 600V AC

107
Q
  • a special kind of fuse that allows electrical surge for a short time before it blows. Its unique design can bear electricity overload in a
    ________ cycle for a short period
    without blowing (Andrew, 2010).
A

TIME DELAY FUSE, electrical surge, repeated

108
Q
  • they are desirable on circuits serving electric motors such as___________ and __________because motors draw much more current at a ________ than during ___________.
A

TIME DELAY FUSE, air conditioners, machinery, startup, regular operation

109
Q

An OCP device’s overcurrent rating is the _____________ it can carry continuously without exceeding a specific _______________.

A

highest amperage, temperature limit

110
Q

The __________ of an OCP is listed in _______ such as 15A, 20A or 30A.

A

overcurrent rating, amperes

111
Q

If the ____________ flowing through the protection device exceeds the device setting for a significant period, the _____ device will ______.

A

current (amperage), OCP, open

112
Q

The ______ carried by the ________ or system protected by an OCP device must not exceed the ____________ maximum current rating.

A

amperage, electrical circuit, circuit breaker’s

113
Q
  • the highest current at rated voltage that a device is intended to interrupt under standard test conditions
A

INTERRUPTING RATING

114
Q
  • an ________ must be able to interrupt destructive fault current energy safely. If a fault current ________ a level beyond the OCPD’s capability, it may rupture, causing damage and posing a safety hazard
A

OCPD, exceeds

115
Q

-The _______________________________ for circuit breakers is ______ and _____for fuses. ________ and ______ typically have an AIC rating of ___________.

A

amperes interruption current (AIC) rating, 5000 A and 1000A, Circuit breakers, fuses, 10000A

Electrical Engineering Utilities (7 decks)

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