Chapter 21 Flashcards
What stain(s) is used for fungal infections?
PAS, mucicarmine, Grocott-Gomori
What stain(s) is used for lipid?
Oil red O
Sudan black
What stain(s) is used for copper?
Rhodadine
Rubeanic acid
What stain(s) is used for acid fast bacilli?
ZN
What stain(s) is used for amyloid?
Congo red
What stain(s) is used for melanin?
Masson-Fontana
What stain(s) is used for MCT
Toluidine blue
What stain(s) is used for iron?
Prussian blue
What stain(s) is used for myelin?
Luxol fast blue
What immunocytochemical stain is used for epithelial cells?
Cytokeratin
What immunocytochemical stain is used for mesenchymal and lymphoid cells?
Vimentin
What immunocytochemical stain is used for T-lymphoid cells?
CD3
What immunocytochemical stains are used for B-lymphoid cells?
CD79a, CD20
What immunocytochemical stain is used for lymphoid/histiocytic cells?
CD18
What immunocytochemical stain is used for melanocytes?
Melan A
What immunocytochemical stain is used for smooth/skeletal muscle?
Desmin
What immunocytochemical stain is used for skeletal/cardiac muscle?
Myoglobin
What immunocytochemical stains are used for neuroendocrine cells?
Chromogranin or synaptophysin
What tumour types have been associated with seeding following FNAB?
TCC (dogs), pulmonary adenocarcinoma (d+c)
What is an example of non-degenerate neutrophils associated with septic inflammation?
Septic arthritis
What types of neutrophilic degeneration are recognised cytologically?
Karyolysis (nuclear swelling)
Pyknosis (condensation of nucleus - round)
Karyorrhexis (nuclear fragmentation)
How does mycobacteria appear on standard staining?
Numerous, fine negatively staining rods in macrophage
What are the common G+ve and G-ve bacteria?
+ve - staph, strep, clostridium
-ve - E.coli, Salmonella, pseudomonas, proteus
How can nocardia and actinomyces be differentiated?
Modified ZN staining
Nocardia acid-fast, actinomyces non-acid-fast
How can haemorrhage be distinguished from blood contamination on cytology?
Platelets only present in contamination
Erythrophagia present in haemorrhage
What are the cytological criteria of malignancy (tissue architecture)?
Increased cell crowding
Loss of cohesion
Pleomorphism
Cytomegaly
What are the cytological criteria of malignancy (nuclear)?
Nuclear moulding
Anisokaryosis
High N:C
Multinucleation
Karyomegaly
Increased/abnormal mitotic figures
Irregular nuclear membrane
Coarse/variable chromatin
Abnormal nucleoli
What are the cytological criteria of malignancy (cytoplasmic)?
Increased basophilia
Abnormal vacuolation
