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Biology 1407 > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

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1
Q

Forest take up _______ from the air and release _________.

A
  • Carbon Dioxide

- Oxygen

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2
Q

Deforestation had far reaching environmental effects including:

A

-increased erosion and climate change

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3
Q

Plants evolved from:

A

Green algae(Charophytes)

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4
Q

What are plants

A

-Embryophytes

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5
Q

Key adaptations that allowed plants to move into dry habitats include:

A

-a waterproof cuticle with stomata and internal pipelines of vascular tissue reinforced by login

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6
Q

Stomata open and clase to…..

A

balance demands for water conservation and gas exchange with air outside the plant

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7
Q

Internal vascular tissue

A

(Xylem and Phloem) are the vascular tissues that transport water and nutrients though a plant body

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8
Q

Vascular tissue are reinforced by

A

Lignin -material that stiffens cell walls or vascular plants and helps plants stand upright/help them branch

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9
Q

Plant life cycle include 2 multicellular bodies:

A

the HAPLOID gametophyte
and
the DIPLOID sporophyte

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10
Q

The _____ dominates in early evolving lineages, but in vascular plants, the ______ is the larger and longer lived.

A
  • gametophyte

- sporophyte

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11
Q

There are 2 lineages of seed plants:

A

-Gymnosperms and angiosperms

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12
Q

Gymnosperms were…

A

-the first to evolve

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13
Q

Angiosperms make….

A

flowers and release their seeds inside a fruit

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14
Q

Bryophytes are nonvascular plants that include:

A

-mosses, hornworts, and liverworts

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15
Q

mosses are

A

the most diverse bryophyte

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16
Q

The remains of mosses form…

A

Peat-which is dried and burned as fuel

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17
Q

Rhizome

A

stem that grows horizontally

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18
Q

Ferns the most diverse seedless vascular plants, and produce spores in _____

A

-sori

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19
Q

Many ferns are epiphytes which means?

A

-plant that grows on another plant but does not harm it or draw any nutrients from it

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20
Q

Ferns have what instead of strobili?

A

Sori

21
Q

Oldest fossil of vascular plants?

A

Spores that date to ab 450 million yrs ago(late ordovician period)

22
Q

Early vascular plants looked like what?

A

Early vascular plants stood only a few centimeters high and has a simple branching pattern, with no leaves or roots.

23
Q

What happen to species in the early Devonian period?

A

-taller species with a more complex branching pattern were common worldwide.

24
Q

During the carboniferous period what happened?

A

-Forest of Giant seedless vascular plants thrived during the carboniferous period(remains transformed to coal by heat and pressure)

25
Q

The three time periods of the evolution of plant species mentioned

A
  • Ordovician
  • Devonian
  • Carboniferous
26
Q

Earliest gymnosperm lineages?

A

-cycads and gins

27
Q

What angiosperm evolved while dinosaurs walked on earth?

A

-magnolias

28
Q

Bryophyte refers to what 3 lineages

A
  • Mosses
  • hornworts
  • liverworts
29
Q

Most diverse bryophyte?

A

-mosses

30
Q

Most diverse seedless plant?

A

-ferns

31
Q

Gymnosperms

A
  • plants with naked(not inside fruit) seeds

- produce seeds on surface of ovule and no not produce flowers/fruits

32
Q

Angiosperms

A

-seeds that make flowers and fruits

33
Q

What part of a flower produces pollen

A

-stamen

34
Q

Pollinators

A

-animal that moves pollen

35
Q

2 major lineages of flowering plants

A
  • monocots

- eudicots

36
Q

monocots include

A

-orchids, pals, Lillies, and grasses

37
Q

eudicots include

A

-most herbaceous(nonwoody), plants like tomatoes, cabbages, roses, poppies, most flowering shrubs and trees and cacti.

38
Q

Dominant plants in most land habiatats and flowering plants are—

A

-ecologically important and essential to human existance

39
Q

What drug do some flowering plants produce? and what does it do?

A
  • secondary metabolite

- mood altering drugs

40
Q

How much percent is a tree carbon weight?

A

20%

41
Q

Every atom of carbon in a tree was taken up from the air in the form of

A

carbon dioxide

42
Q

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the reason deforestation occurs in developing nations?

A

Local and tropical forests are the main source for global market products, and they provide food, fuel, and lumber for growing populations.

43
Q

Which of the following does not produce seeds?

A

horsetails

44
Q

In horsetails, lycophytes, and ferns

A

spores give rise to gametophytes

45
Q

strobili

A

cone-like spore-containing structures

46
Q

A plant produces a small cluster of spore-forming capsules on the underside of the structure that resembles leaves. You classify the plant as a:

A

a fern

47
Q

During fertilization of an angiosperm, the pollen tube delivers two sperm to an ovule where:

A

double fertilization occurs, and one sperm fertilizes the egg, and an endosperm results from the second sperm fertilizing a cell that has two nuclei

48
Q

___________, which provides food for the greatest number of people, is a type of __________.

A

rice; monocot

49
Q

wheat is a?

A

monocot

Biology 1407 (4 decks)

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