Chapter 21 Flashcards
Forest take up _______ from the air and release _________.
- Carbon Dioxide
- Oxygen
Deforestation had far reaching environmental effects including:
-increased erosion and climate change
Plants evolved from:
Green algae(Charophytes)
What are plants
-Embryophytes
Key adaptations that allowed plants to move into dry habitats include:
-a waterproof cuticle with stomata and internal pipelines of vascular tissue reinforced by login
Stomata open and clase to…..
balance demands for water conservation and gas exchange with air outside the plant
Internal vascular tissue
(Xylem and Phloem) are the vascular tissues that transport water and nutrients though a plant body
Vascular tissue are reinforced by
Lignin -material that stiffens cell walls or vascular plants and helps plants stand upright/help them branch
Plant life cycle include 2 multicellular bodies:
the HAPLOID gametophyte
and
the DIPLOID sporophyte
The _____ dominates in early evolving lineages, but in vascular plants, the ______ is the larger and longer lived.
- gametophyte
- sporophyte
There are 2 lineages of seed plants:
-Gymnosperms and angiosperms
Gymnosperms were…
-the first to evolve
Angiosperms make….
flowers and release their seeds inside a fruit
Bryophytes are nonvascular plants that include:
-mosses, hornworts, and liverworts
mosses are
the most diverse bryophyte
The remains of mosses form…
Peat-which is dried and burned as fuel
Rhizome
stem that grows horizontally
Ferns the most diverse seedless vascular plants, and produce spores in _____
-sori
Many ferns are epiphytes which means?
-plant that grows on another plant but does not harm it or draw any nutrients from it
Ferns have what instead of strobili?
Sori
Oldest fossil of vascular plants?
Spores that date to ab 450 million yrs ago(late ordovician period)
Early vascular plants looked like what?
Early vascular plants stood only a few centimeters high and has a simple branching pattern, with no leaves or roots.
What happen to species in the early Devonian period?
-taller species with a more complex branching pattern were common worldwide.
During the carboniferous period what happened?
-Forest of Giant seedless vascular plants thrived during the carboniferous period(remains transformed to coal by heat and pressure)
The three time periods of the evolution of plant species mentioned
- Ordovician
- Devonian
- Carboniferous
Earliest gymnosperm lineages?
-cycads and gins
What angiosperm evolved while dinosaurs walked on earth?
-magnolias
Bryophyte refers to what 3 lineages
- Mosses
- hornworts
- liverworts
Most diverse bryophyte?
-mosses
Most diverse seedless plant?
-ferns
Gymnosperms
- plants with naked(not inside fruit) seeds
- produce seeds on surface of ovule and no not produce flowers/fruits
Angiosperms
-seeds that make flowers and fruits
What part of a flower produces pollen
-stamen
Pollinators
-animal that moves pollen
2 major lineages of flowering plants
- monocots
- eudicots
monocots include
-orchids, pals, Lillies, and grasses
eudicots include
-most herbaceous(nonwoody), plants like tomatoes, cabbages, roses, poppies, most flowering shrubs and trees and cacti.
Dominant plants in most land habiatats and flowering plants are—
-ecologically important and essential to human existance
What drug do some flowering plants produce? and what does it do?
- secondary metabolite
- mood altering drugs
How much percent is a tree carbon weight?
20%
Every atom of carbon in a tree was taken up from the air in the form of
carbon dioxide
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the reason deforestation occurs in developing nations?
Local and tropical forests are the main source for global market products, and they provide food, fuel, and lumber for growing populations.
Which of the following does not produce seeds?
horsetails
In horsetails, lycophytes, and ferns
spores give rise to gametophytes
strobili
cone-like spore-containing structures
A plant produces a small cluster of spore-forming capsules on the underside of the structure that resembles leaves. You classify the plant as a:
a fern
During fertilization of an angiosperm, the pollen tube delivers two sperm to an ovule where:
double fertilization occurs, and one sperm fertilizes the egg, and an endosperm results from the second sperm fertilizing a cell that has two nuclei
___________, which provides food for the greatest number of people, is a type of __________.
rice; monocot
wheat is a?
monocot
