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Microbiology > Chapter 20 study guide > Flashcards

Chapter 20 study guide Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Identify the contributions of Paul Ehrlich and Alexander Fleming to Chemotherapy

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2
Q

Recognize the types of microbes that produce most antibiotics

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3
Q

Discuss the reasons why the number of antibiotic discoveries has decreased in recent years

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4
Q

What is selective toxicity?

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5
Q

What is chemotherapy?

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6
Q

Define spectrum of activity

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7
Q

What is broad-spectrum antibiotic

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8
Q

Define superinfection

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9
Q

Define the words bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic

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10
Q

Recognize the different drugs that can be classified as antibiotics depending o how “antibiotic is defined

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11
Q

Describe how ICHIP was used to identify the bacterium production teixobactin and why this approach may facilitate the discovery of additional antibiotics

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12
Q

Identify factors that determine the selective toxicity of anti-microbials

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13
Q

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of broad and narrow-spectrum antimicrobials when treating infections

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14
Q

Identify the different modes of action of antimicrobial drugs

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15
Q

Name and distinguish all antimicrobrial drug classes and the individual antimicrobial members within each class provided in these slides

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16
Q

Distinguish Beta-lactam antibiotics from those that target other aspects of bacterial cell wall synthesis

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17
Q

Discuss the two natural penicillin that are used clinically; their characteristics, usage and disadvantages.

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18
Q

Explain how penicillin G can be better retained in the body

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19
Q

Identify semisynthetic penicillin’s and discuss how they are synthesized and how they extend antibiotic spectrum and increase resistance to penicillinase

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20
Q

Identify Beta-lactamase inhibitor and explain its properties and use.

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21
Q

Provide the complete phrases for acronyms MRSA, VRSA, and VRE, and discuss the usage of these acronyms with respect to increasing antibiotic resistance

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22
Q

Compare and contrast the Carbipenim, Monbactam and Cephalosporin Beta-lactam classes with each other, with penicillin and other antimicrobials presented in the slides

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23
Q

Compare and contrast the polypeptide bacterial cell wall inhibitors (Bacitracin and Vancomycin0 with each other, the B-lactam classes and other antimicrobial presented in slides

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24
Q

Compare and contrast the mycobacterial cell wall inhibitors (Isoniazid and Ethambutol) with each other, the b-lactam classes and other antimicrobials presented in the slides

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25
Q

Compare and contrast the bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor classes with each other and other antimicrobials presented in slides

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26
Q

Compare and contrast the bacterial plasma membrane inhibitors with each other, and other antimicrobials presented in the slides

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27
Q

Distinguish between Type I and II fatty acid synthetases

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28
Q

Compare and contrast the bacterial nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors with each other and all antimicrobials presented in the slides

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29
Q

Describe the properties of sulfa drugs, how they inhibit microbial growth, and why they are used in combination with trimethoprim

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30
Q

Explain modes of action of current antifungal drugs

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31
Q

Compare and contrast the anti-fungal drugs that target ergosterol itself, its synthesis with each other, and all other antimicrobials presented in the slides

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32
Q

Describe the composition of yeast cell wall

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33
Q

Name the anti-fungal class and drug that targets fungal cell wall synthesis, and compare and contrast it with the antimicrobials presented in the slides

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34
Q

Name the target and explain the mechanism of action of flucytosine

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35
Q

Name and describe the anti-fungal drugs that don’t target ergosterol or cell wall synthesis

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36
Q

Explain modes of action of current antiviral drugs

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37
Q

Name the target and explain the mechanism of action of acyclovir

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38
Q

Name the inhibitors of the influenza virus enzyme neuraminidase

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39
Q

Discuss the use of infections

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40
Q

Discuss the different ways that HIV antivirals inhibit HIV infection

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41
Q

Name and describe the two anti-protozoan drugs presented in the slides

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42
Q

Describe the tests for antimicrobial effectiveness, be able to interpret resulting the data, and explain how this data is used for treatment

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43
Q

Distinguish between MIC and MBC and explain why it is important for a physician to know these values

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44
Q

Describe the mechanisms of drug resistance

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45
Q

Compare and contrast synergism and antagonism

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46
Q

Explain the types of antibiotic misuses that select for resistance mutants

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47
Q

Define and be able to calculate therapeutic index and understand its significance

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48
Q

Explain why prescribing multiple drugs can be problematic

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49
Q

Describe antimicrobial peptides and phage therapy

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Microbiology (18 decks)

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