Chapter 20 study guide Flashcards
Identify the contributions of Paul Ehrlich and Alexander Fleming to Chemotherapy
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Recognize the types of microbes that produce most antibiotics
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Discuss the reasons why the number of antibiotic discoveries has decreased in recent years
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What is selective toxicity?
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What is chemotherapy?
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Define spectrum of activity
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What is broad-spectrum antibiotic
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Define superinfection
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Define the words bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic
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Recognize the different drugs that can be classified as antibiotics depending o how “antibiotic is defined
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Describe how ICHIP was used to identify the bacterium production teixobactin and why this approach may facilitate the discovery of additional antibiotics
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Identify factors that determine the selective toxicity of anti-microbials
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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of broad and narrow-spectrum antimicrobials when treating infections
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Identify the different modes of action of antimicrobial drugs
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Name and distinguish all antimicrobrial drug classes and the individual antimicrobial members within each class provided in these slides
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Distinguish Beta-lactam antibiotics from those that target other aspects of bacterial cell wall synthesis
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Discuss the two natural penicillin that are used clinically; their characteristics, usage and disadvantages.
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Explain how penicillin G can be better retained in the body
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Identify semisynthetic penicillin’s and discuss how they are synthesized and how they extend antibiotic spectrum and increase resistance to penicillinase
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Identify Beta-lactamase inhibitor and explain its properties and use.
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Provide the complete phrases for acronyms MRSA, VRSA, and VRE, and discuss the usage of these acronyms with respect to increasing antibiotic resistance
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Compare and contrast the Carbipenim, Monbactam and Cephalosporin Beta-lactam classes with each other, with penicillin and other antimicrobials presented in the slides
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Compare and contrast the polypeptide bacterial cell wall inhibitors (Bacitracin and Vancomycin0 with each other, the B-lactam classes and other antimicrobial presented in slides
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Compare and contrast the mycobacterial cell wall inhibitors (Isoniazid and Ethambutol) with each other, the b-lactam classes and other antimicrobials presented in the slides
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Compare and contrast the bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor classes with each other and other antimicrobials presented in slides
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Compare and contrast the bacterial plasma membrane inhibitors with each other, and other antimicrobials presented in the slides
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Distinguish between Type I and II fatty acid synthetases
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Compare and contrast the bacterial nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors with each other and all antimicrobials presented in the slides
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Describe the properties of sulfa drugs, how they inhibit microbial growth, and why they are used in combination with trimethoprim
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Explain modes of action of current antifungal drugs
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Compare and contrast the anti-fungal drugs that target ergosterol itself, its synthesis with each other, and all other antimicrobials presented in the slides
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Describe the composition of yeast cell wall
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Name the anti-fungal class and drug that targets fungal cell wall synthesis, and compare and contrast it with the antimicrobials presented in the slides
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Name the target and explain the mechanism of action of flucytosine
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Name and describe the anti-fungal drugs that don’t target ergosterol or cell wall synthesis
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Explain modes of action of current antiviral drugs
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Name the target and explain the mechanism of action of acyclovir
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Name the inhibitors of the influenza virus enzyme neuraminidase
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Discuss the use of infections
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Discuss the different ways that HIV antivirals inhibit HIV infection
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Name and describe the two anti-protozoan drugs presented in the slides
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Describe the tests for antimicrobial effectiveness, be able to interpret resulting the data, and explain how this data is used for treatment
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Distinguish between MIC and MBC and explain why it is important for a physician to know these values
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Describe the mechanisms of drug resistance
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Compare and contrast synergism and antagonism
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Explain the types of antibiotic misuses that select for resistance mutants
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Define and be able to calculate therapeutic index and understand its significance
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Explain why prescribing multiple drugs can be problematic
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Describe antimicrobial peptides and phage therapy
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