Chapter 20 Pharmacology Flashcards
ac
before meals
bid
twice a day
et
and
g
gram
gtt
Drop(s)
h
hour
hs
at bedtime
hypo
hypodermic(ally)
IM
intramuscular(ly)
IV
Intravenous(ly)
mg
milligram
mL
milliliter
mm
millimeter
od
in the right eye
os
in the left eye
pc
after meals
PO
by mouth
prn
as needed
qh
every hour
q2h
every 2 hours
q3h
every 3 hours
qid
four times a day
sc
subcutaneous
stat
immediately
tid
three times a day
the rights of drug administration
Right Drug Right Amount Right Patient Right Time Right Route
what must you do before contrast administration
you must have the patients consent and go through a history with a patient before injecting
do not administer a drug ……
that you have not seen someone draw up
if you are helping someone draw up or prepare, show the container how many times before they draw it up
3
1.once when getting out of pixus or off shelf
2.when drug is removed from container (for instance when you have drawn it up)
3. when container is replaced
Never use unlabeled or expired drugs
What do they mean by right amount?
measure carefully and accurately: right size syringe
What is meant by right patient?
Ask patient identifiers: name, check wristband, birthdate
What is meant by right time?
Physician or practitioner determines time, NOT Rad. Tech
What are the right routes?
oral sublingual tongue parenteral bolus injection drip infusion
what is drip infusion?
intravenous infusion
- permits large amount of contrast or drug over longer period of time
- drug or contrast agent is contained in an intravenous solution bag or bottle which is hung upside down
what is Bolus injection?
-Bolus injection provides a rapid introduction of contrast agent or drug in the vascular system. Requires drawing contrast agent into a syringe.
Rate is controlled by what 5 pts.?
- gauge of needle
- amount of contrast (drug)
- viscosity of contrast (drug)
- stability of vein
- force applied by person performing injection or injector machine such as in CT or angiography
resistance of fluid/consistency.
Viscosity (high viscosity thick and slow to flow)
What is parenteral?
by injection or route other than digestive tract
- if drug injected incorrectly, may cause nerve damage or introduce microorganisms in to system
- intramuscular: rapid onset
- subcutaneous: slow constant absorption
- intravenous-immediate onset
what is the oral route?
make sure they are conscious and head elevated
most common
what is the sublingual route?
under tongue and allowed to dissolve, never should be swallowed
Nitroglycerin is common sublingual drug
What is the topical route?
directly onto skin
unit dose device for topical, such as transdermal patch
precise dose released over specified period of time
The first name, when a drug developed, is likely the
chemical name
The _____ is usually a simplified version or spin off of the chemical name. Also called the nonproprietary name
generic name
names given to a drug to specify that a drug is made by that specific company.
Trade names, proprietary names, brand names, or trademark names
Dosage “Forms”
Tablet
Capsule
Inhalation
Suppository
Solution
Suspension
Transdermal patch
two types of anesthetics
general and local
-Act on CNS to produce loss of sensation
anesthetics
example of an old-fashioned general anesthetic and modern
ether;pentothal
block nerve conduction to that specific part of the body
locals
examples of locals
novacaine and lidocaine
Treat anxiety.
Act on the central nervous system to calm the patient.
anxiety agents
examples of anxiety agents
valium, versed, xanax
Used to treat heart arrhythmias
Antiarrhythymics
example of antiarrhythymics
cordarone
Used to destroy or inhibit growth of microorganisms. -Two kinds, broad spectrum and narrow spectrum
antibiotics
example of antibiotics
erythromycin narrow spectrum. -
Example, “Z-pack,” or Cipro, broad
spectrum
Reduce smooth muscle tone, motility of gastrointestinal tract, and secretions of respiratory tract and secretory glands.
Anticholinergics
example of anticholinergics
atropine- will see on crash carts
Slows down the coagulation of blood. -Prevent thromoembolic disorders
anticoagulants
example of anticoagulants
Coumadin or oral anticoagulants
Drugs used to prevent or control seizures, either grand mal or petite mal.
Anticonvulsants
example of anticonvulsants
Dilantin (Phenytoin) for “generalized tonic
- clonic (grand mal) seizures.”
- Depakote controls “absence seizures” (petit mal
treatment of depression
antidepressants
examples of antidepressants
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (such as Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxel). side effects can be nausea and vomiting
used for panic disorders
SSRI
two types of diabetes
type 1-diabetic mellitus (DM)
type 2-
insulin used to treat which type of diabetes
type 1
Drugs used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. -Better to be given before onset of symptoms
antiemetics
examples of antiemetics
Compazine and zofran
Suppress or destroy fungi.
Antifungal Agents
Treat both acute and chronic allergic disorders. -Two groups: sedating (first generation) and nonsedating (second generation).
Antihistamines
examples of antihistamines
- Benadryl (sedating) will be on crash cart. If emergency then administered intramuscularly.
- Claratin (nonsedating) orally for not as severe allergic disorders
Reduce lipid levels in blood stream. -If build up of lipid levels, then the term to use to refer to this condition= atherosclerosis
antihyperlipdemic agents
leading cause of death in US for both sexes
atherosclerosis
examples of antihyperlipdemics
Lipitor and Zocor. -Can cause some constipation, abd. pain, and/or muscle pain.
used to treat hypertension
anithypertensives
examples of antihypertensives
Tenormin (atenolol), Lopressor (metoprolol), Vasotec (enalapril)
Inhibit platelet build up in blood stream.
- Needed when MI’s, strokes, TIA’s.
- Often called “blood thinners.”
antiplatelets
examples of antiplatelets
Aspirin
- Clopidogrel (Plavix).
- Abciximab (Repro).
- Can cause bleeding. For these patients hold pressure longer after injections!
