Chapter 20: Peripheral Vascular system

Question 1

What two things are arteries responsible for?

Answer 1

Pulse (due to contractions)

Oxygenated blood

Question 2

What do veins carry?

Answer 2

Deoxygenated blood

Question 3

Lymphatics

Answer 3

Drainage

Fights infection

Question 4

Lymph node consideration in children

Answer 4

Lymph nodes are usual palpable

Question 5

Developmental competence in pregnant women

Answer 5

Vasodilation leading to drop in BP, Uterus obstructs the iliac veins and inferior vena cava, Venous pressure increases, Edema increases, Hemorrhoids increase, Varicose veins in 3rd trimester

Question 6

Older adults, developmental competence

Answer 6

Arteriosclerosis, Loss of lymph tissue due to less lymph nodes, BP increases

Question 7

Pulse Pressure

Answer 7

The difference between systolic and diastolicIf closer together the pulse pressure is means that the heart is not being able to rest between contraction and relaxation

Question 8

Allen Test

Answer 8

Depress radial and ulnar arteries, person opens and closes fist
Normal - blood returns via ulnar artery when release thumb of artery
Occluded ulnar artery leads to no blood return

Question 9

Lymph nodes to palpate that aren’t facial

Answer 9

Palpation of the epitrochlear lymph node
Palpation of the axillary lymph nodes
Observation of superficial veins in the legs
Palpation of the inguinal lymph nodes

Question 10

Pretibial edema

Answer 10

Firmly depress skin over tibia or medial malleolus for 5 seconds and release
Normally your finger should leave no indentation, although a pit commonly is seen if person has been standing all day or during pregnancy

Question 11

Pitting edema scale

Answer 11

1+ Mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling
2+ Moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly
3+ Deep pitting, indentation remains, leg looks swollen
4+ Very deep pitting, indentation lasts long time, leg very swollen

Question 12

Lymphedema

Answer 12

People who have breast cancer treatment can have it in upper extremities because with mastectomy the lymph nodes can be taken out
Inadequate lymph node drainage

Question 13

Problems in the legs with poor circulation

Answer 13

Arterial-ischemic ulcer
Venous (stasis) ulcer
Superficial varicose veins
Deep vein thrombophlebitis

Question 14

Arterial disease characteristics

Answer 14

Skin: cold
Pain: sharp
Ulcers: severe pain
Pulse: absent
Edema: infrequent

Question 15

Venous disease characteristics

Answer 15

Skin: Warm
Pain: aching
Ulcers: moderate pain 
Pulse: present
Edema: frequent at the end of the day

Question 16

DVT

Answer 16

Due to occluded thrombus, causing inflammation, blocked venous return, cyanosis and edema

Question 17

Superficial varicose veins

Answer 17

Leg veins dilate due to chronic increased venous pressure (obesity and multiple pregnancies)

Question 18

Weak thready pulse

Answer 18

1+

decreased cardiac output, peripheral arterial disease, aortic valve stenosis

Question 19

Full bounding pulse

Answer 19

3+

Anxiety, exercise, fever

Question 20

Water Hammer (Corrigan) pulse

Answer 20

3+
greater pulse that collapses
Aortic valve regurgitation, PDA

Question 21

Pulsus Bigeminus

Answer 21

Normal beat followed by premature

Conduction disturbance

Question 22

Pulsus Arternans

Answer 22

Regular rhythm followed by short then normal

Severe left ventricle failure

Question 23

Pulsus Paradoxus

Answer 23

Beats have weak amplitude with inspiration and grow stronger with expiration

Question 24

Pulsus bisferiens

Answer 24

Strong systolic with a dip in between

Aortic valve stenosis plus regurgitation

Question 25

Arterial ulcers

Answer 25

Ankles and feet mainly

Question 26

Venous ulcers

Answer 26

Calf and lower leg