Chapter 20: Intravenous Therapy

Question 1

access away from the body center in the arm and hand veins for adults

Answer 1

Peripheral catheters

Question 2

access by placement of a flexible catheter into one of the patient’s large veins with the tip placed in either the superior vena cava or the right atrium and may be required when infusing hypertonic solutions or when peripheral venous access is inadequate

Answer 2

Central venous Catheters

Question 3

You are assessing the IV site…

Answer 3

For appearance every hour and should be labeled with date/time/initial for when it was started

Question 4

You are assessing equipment…

Answer 4

1) the solution container should be checked for expiration date, if fluid is clear, and if it is the right fluid
2) IV bags should be changed every 24 hours
3) Tubing should be changed every 72-96 hours or 3-4 days

Question 5

same osmotic pressure as within the cell and useful for hypotension caused by hypovolemia. Ex: Normal Saline (NS) 0.9% or Lactated Ringers

Answer 5

Isotonic Fluids

Question 6

Lower osmotic pressure than the cell, Used when patient needs cellular hydration. Fluids shift out of blood and into cells and interstitial spaces. Ex: Dextrose 5% (D5W) or 0.45% Saline 1/2 NS

Answer 6

Hypotonic Fluids

Question 7

Greater osmotic pressure than the cell and pulls fluid from the cells into the vascular space. Ex: 3% saline (NaCl)

Answer 7

Hypertonic Fluids

Question 8

When fluid enters subcutaneous tissue, swelling and/or tenderness above the site and area around site feels cool to touch and looks pale in color

Answer 8

Infiltration

Question 9

When the medication leaks out of the vein

Answer 9

Extravastion

Question 10

Signs of this complication include: inflammation of the vein, redness, tenderness,warmth and firmness to touch around the IV site

Answer 10

Phlebitis

Question 11

Red,warm to touch, tender to touch and possible weeping, oozing purulent drainage are signs of…

Answer 11

Infection

Question 12

If complications are assessed the nurse should…

Answer 12

Inform the nurse and instructor

IV should be dc’d and restarted in another location

Question 13

For Phlebitis and infiltration…

Answer 13

apply warm moist soaks

Question 14

For infection…

Answer 14

catheter tip should be cultured

Question 15

Fluid Overload may occur…

Answer 15

1) If client is very old or young
2) Received IV fluids too rapidly
3) Has altered regulatory mechanisms (e.g, renal or cardiac impaired)

Question 16

Assessments for fluid overload should include…

Answer 16

lungs, weight gain, and decreased urine output

Question 17

Treatment of fluid overload include…

Answer 17

1) slowing IV to keep it open and notifying doctor
2) Assess breath sounds
3) Place client in high or semi fowler’s position
4) Administer oxygen as needed