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emt - t/th > Chapter 20 - Cardiac Emergencies > Flashcards

Chapter 20 - Cardiac Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the cardiovascular system consist of

A
  • Heart (Pump)
  • Blood (Fluid)
  • Circulatory system (pipes)
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2
Q

4 Chambers of the Heart

A
  • Right Atrium
  • Left Atrium
  • Right Ventricle
  • Left Ventricle
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3
Q

Right Atrium

A

Receives blood from veins; pumps to right ventricle

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4
Q

Left Atrium

A

Receives blood from lungs; pumps to left ventricle

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5
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Pumps blood to the lungs

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6
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Pumps blood through the aorta to the body

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7
Q

The circulation of blood in the heart

A
  • Vena cava
  • right atrium
  • right ventricle
  • pulmonary arteries
  • lungs
  • pulmonary veins
    -left atrium
  • left ventricle
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8
Q

L

A

Left ventricle is larger than the right

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9
Q
A

body likes a certain rate, pH, temp which helps prevent blood clots

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10
Q

semilunar

A

one way, dont like returning back into the body

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11
Q
A

deoxygenated blood is carried by the pulmonary artery, only one that carries deoxygenated blood

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12
Q
A

Pulmonary vein brings oxygenated blood from the lungs (only time it is flipped)

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13
Q

Cardiac Conduction System

A
  • system of specialized muscle tissue that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
  • automatic, involuntary process
  • regulated by cardiac control centers in the brain
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14
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A
  • Pulse and blood pressure
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15
Q

pulse

A

the outward expression of the heart beating

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16
Q

blood pressure

A
  • heart at work = systole = systolic pressure
  • heart at rest = diastole = diastolic pressure
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17
Q

Pulmonary

A
  • CHF
  • CUPD
  • athsma
  • allergic reaction
  • PE
    -pneumathora
    -pheneumia
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18
Q

A

A

Aphib, on blood thinners so it doesnt clot.. people who have aphib uncontrolled? they cant fill up quick
dephib… shockable rhythms, ventricles truly out of control, nonsustainable rhythm, like something was vibrating out of focus… train wreck

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19
Q

coronary arteries

A
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20
Q

heart attack

A

clot in the vascular that prevents the heart from doing its job

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21
Q
A

left atrial empidenge, more likely to clot as you get older….

22
Q

Composition of blood

A
23
Q

white blood cells

A

mma fighter

24
Q

Keep it simple. different types of shock

A
  • pump
  • pipes
  • stuff in the pipes
25
Q

ACS - Acute Coronary Syndrome

A

heart isnt getting enough oxygen

26
Q

Heart Attack symptoms

A
  • crushing, dull, heavy, squeezing
  • sometimes describes as pressure of discomfort
  • radiates to arms, upper abdomen, jaw
  • shortness of breath
27
Q

Associated signs and symptoms

A
  • anxiety, feeling of impending doom
  • nausea and pain or discomfort in upper abdomen
  • sweating
  • abnormal pulse (tachycardia/bradycardia)
  • abnormal blood pressure
28
Q
A

important to look at med history and her blood pressure is fine but shes not

29
Q

Three patient populations have atypical presentation in ACS

A

women
diabetics
elderly

30
Q

Assessment

A
  • perform primary assessment
  • use OPQRST-ASPN to get history of present illness
  • obtain SAMPLE history
  • take baseline vital signs
  • Associated symptoms and pertinent negatives
31
Q
A
  • perfusion… if concerned check signs of perfusion in ALL extremeties
  • lung sounds (good ventilatory status)
  • inspection of the chest
  • palpation of the chest… rule out pleuritic chest pain
  • JVD
32
Q

12 Lead EKG

A
  • If trained, equipped, and authorized to do , obtain a 12 Lead EKG
  • an EKG is a paper print that reflects the electrical conductivity activity of the heart
  • 12 lead tells us about STEMI (ST segment elevation Myocardial Infarction)

(must be placed correctly)
RA.LA.RL.LL
V1.V2.V3.V4.V5.V6
(not directly above bone, must be in the space between leaves. V6 supposed to be midaxillary)

32
Q

pulmonary vein

A

Pulmonary veins are the veins that transfer oxygenated blood form the lungs to the heart

Largest pulmonary veins are the 4 pulmonary veins, two from each lung that drain into the left atrium of the heart. The pulmonary veins are part of the pulmonary circulation

33
Q

Treatment of ACS

A
  • position of comfort
  • oxygen
    -aspirin… CHEW, cant give water
  • nitroglycerin
  • transport to a cardiac center
34
Q

Treatment - aspirin

A

Indications:
- chest pain (cardiac in nature)
-ability to safely swallow

Contraindications:
-inability to swallow
-allergy to aspirin
-history of asthma (relative)
–active bleeding

35
Q

Treatment rules for aspirin

A
  • do not need to consult med command
  • four 81 mg baby aspirin
  • make sure they chew the medication
  • check the patients mouth to ensure the medication is gone
36
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Indications:
- chest pain
- history of cardiac problems
- need to ask if they have taken it before
- prescribe nitroglycerin

37
Q

agina

A

agina, women, elderly, diabetics

38
Q

Treatment medication - Nitroglycerin

A
39
Q

Coronary Artery disease

A
  • plaque build up
  • build up or restricts blood flow
40
Q

CAD
(three, parts)

A

-

41
Q

Aneurysm

A
  • weakened sections of blood vessels begin to dilate (balloon)
  • bursting (rupture)
  • brain bleeds, not giving enough oxygen… high blood pressure for a long time and they get weak till they eventually blow
42
Q

marphanes more likely to have weakened blood vessels

A

really tall, long fingers, thin

43
Q

electrical malfunctions of the heart

A

a.
b. slow
c.

44
Q

pace makers

A

send electrical impulse … stimulate the atrea or ventriclricals or both…

pacemaker defribillator - shockable rhytm rechognizes it when it goes to shock and sends a shock to it.

45
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain in heart muscle

46
Q

acute myo

A

tissue death within heart because of lack of oxygen

47
Q

widow makers

A

people drop dead, 40s
80s are more likely to survive a blockage of bloodflow because their bodies make more pathways

48
Q

congestive heart failuure

A

heart dies if untreated… DO NOT LIE THEM FLAT

49
Q
A

emt - t/th (2 decks)

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