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Biology 10 > Chapter 2.0 > Flashcards

Chapter 2.0 Flashcards

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1
Q

A “true” cell
Has organelles surrounded by a cell membrane
Can be single or mulitcellular.
What type of cell is this? List three examples.

A

Eukaryotic
Amobea
Animal cell
Plant cell

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2
Q

A protective barrier, which only allows certain materials to be transported

A

Cell membrane

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3
Q

Cell membrane is important for.

A

Cell interaction
Cell communication
Recognition of molecules

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4
Q

The command centre of the cell
Contains DNA as well as directs cellular communication
Surrounded by —- envelope which allows for the transport of materials

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

Gel-like
Surrounds all organelles
The movement inside is known as —–

A

Cytoplasm

Known as cytoplasmic streaming

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6
Q

Rigid frame around a cell

The support, or the strength

A

Cell wall

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7
Q

Contains chlorophyll

Where photosynthesis is performed

A

Chloroplasts

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8
Q

The formula for photosynthesis is…

A

6h2o+6co2->c6+h12+o6+ 6o2

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9
Q

Storage

Product of secretion and fat

A

Vacuoles

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10
Q

When water enters the _______ the _______ pressure increases. ( causing the cell to swell)

A

Vacuoles

Turgid pressure

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11
Q

Interconnected small tubes branch from the nuclear envelope, the highways of the cell.

A

Endoplasmic Recticulum

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12
Q

Ep responsible for protein synthesis, ribosomes are attached.

A

Rough endoplasmic recticulum

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13
Q

A simple cell without a nucleus
No membrane organelles are present
There is a dark concentration of DNA known as the nucleoid region
A single celled organism.
What type of cell is this, provide two examples.

A

Prokaryotic

  • bacteria
  • algae
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14
Q

Ep responsible for the production of oils and fats.

A

Smooth endoplasmic Recticulum

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15
Q

Dense granules
Attached to endoplasmic recticulum or loose in the cytoplasm
Where amino acids are formed into proteins ( this is known as protein synthesis)

A

Ribosomes

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16
Q

Membrane bound sacs which digest
What are the three d’s
Once the cell dies they self destruct.

A

Lysosomes
Digest
Defend
Destroy

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17
Q

Flat disc shaped sacs involved in secretion

Receives from the endoplasmic recticulum packages for transport outside of the cell

A

Golgi Apparatus

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18
Q

The power house of the cell.
Rod-like structure
Coverts chemical energy to sugars to energy (atp)

A

Mitochondria

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19
Q

What is the formula for cellular respiration

A

C6 012 c6 + 6o2 -> 6 co2 + 6 h2o + energy

20
Q 
Carbon
Hydrogen 
Oxygen 
Nitrogen 
Are all considered....
A

Elements

21
Q 
Lipid
Carbohydrate 
Protein 
Nucleic acid 
Are all known as...
A

Compounds

22
Q

List four trace elements

A

Zinc
Maganese
Magnesium
Iron

23
Q

Phospholipid by layer is….

A

The plasma membrane

It has two segments with space in between

24
Q

List the particle model of matter

A

All matter is made up of particles of different shapes and sizes
Particles are always in brownian motion
Particles are attracted to each other, bonds of varying space
Matter is mostly composed of empty space and the space between may be occupied by particles of other substances

25
Q

High to low
passive transport no energy required
What is diffusion affected by

A

Defusion

Affected by agitation temperature and concentration gradient

26
Q

Selectively permeable barrier based on size and shape electrical charge and lipid solution

A

Plasma membrane

27
Q

Some molecules does fuse directly across the _________.

Example:

In ______.
Out ______.

A

Across the membrane

Oxygen in and carbon dioxide out

28
Q

Molecules passing membrane without any additional energy required.

No energy is required since it flows down the concentration gradient

A

Passive transport

29
Q

Low to high
Involving water
Passive
Hypotonic to hypertonic

A

Osmosis

30
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Shrink and shrivel up this is known as creation

31
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Expand and explode this is known as cytolysis

32
Q

This is passive.
High to low
Controlled by special proteins in the membrane

A

This is known as Facilitated diffusion

33
Q

Membrane pumps
Low to high this is up the gradient
This is active and requires additional energy (adenosine triphosphate)

A

Active transport

34
Q

Bringing in

Requires additional energy

A

This is known as endocytosis

35
Q

List the process of endocytosis

A

Molecules bind with the receptor molecules on the surface, then taken into the cell as a vesicle,
receptors decide if the molecules must be destroyed or taken in,
the vacuole/vesicles are formed

36
Q

Active
Taking waste out
Provide two examples

A

Exocytosis

Examples include hormones and enzymes

37
Q

Mimic the cellular membrane of cells

Steps
Receptors bind to molecules bringing into cell by endocytosis

This is how new drugs are formed

A

Membrane technologies

38
Q

Produce a lock and key and attached to four and proteins example like the bomb squad

A

This is known as membrane proteins with disease

39
Q

Liposomes mimic cell membrane

When you inject DNA into tumor cells

A

Synthetic membrane technology

40
Q

Treats kidney failure and detoxes only the kidney

A

Dialysis

41
Q

Blood dialysis, no movement allowed during treatment, and artificial membrane cleanses the blood

A

Hemodialysis

42
Q

A full body detox, waste passes through the membrane into the abdominal cavity then is released into a fluid

A

Peritonal dialysis

43
Q

High to low, requires ATP, remove the salt from salt water and uses pumps

A

Reverse osmosis

44
Q

A small cell will have______ efficiency than a _______ cell

A

A greater efficiency

Then a large cell

45
Q

This can be increased by, list three examples

A

Elogation (root hairs)
Folding surfaces (fish gills)
Projections

46
Q

Calculating surface area/volume

A

Scale
________

Real

Biology 10 (4 decks)

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