Chapter 2.0 Flashcards
A “true” cell
Has organelles surrounded by a cell membrane
Can be single or mulitcellular.
What type of cell is this? List three examples.
Eukaryotic
Amobea
Animal cell
Plant cell
A protective barrier, which only allows certain materials to be transported
Cell membrane
Cell membrane is important for.
Cell interaction
Cell communication
Recognition of molecules
The command centre of the cell
Contains DNA as well as directs cellular communication
Surrounded by —- envelope which allows for the transport of materials
Nucleus
Gel-like
Surrounds all organelles
The movement inside is known as —–
Cytoplasm
Known as cytoplasmic streaming
Rigid frame around a cell
The support, or the strength
Cell wall
Contains chlorophyll
Where photosynthesis is performed
Chloroplasts
The formula for photosynthesis is…
6h2o+6co2->c6+h12+o6+ 6o2
Storage
Product of secretion and fat
Vacuoles
When water enters the _______ the _______ pressure increases. ( causing the cell to swell)
Vacuoles
Turgid pressure
Interconnected small tubes branch from the nuclear envelope, the highways of the cell.
Endoplasmic Recticulum
Ep responsible for protein synthesis, ribosomes are attached.
Rough endoplasmic recticulum
A simple cell without a nucleus
No membrane organelles are present
There is a dark concentration of DNA known as the nucleoid region
A single celled organism.
What type of cell is this, provide two examples.
Prokaryotic
- bacteria
- algae
Ep responsible for the production of oils and fats.
Smooth endoplasmic Recticulum
Dense granules
Attached to endoplasmic recticulum or loose in the cytoplasm
Where amino acids are formed into proteins ( this is known as protein synthesis)
Ribosomes
Membrane bound sacs which digest
What are the three d’s
Once the cell dies they self destruct.
Lysosomes
Digest
Defend
Destroy
Flat disc shaped sacs involved in secretion
Receives from the endoplasmic recticulum packages for transport outside of the cell
Golgi Apparatus
The power house of the cell.
Rod-like structure
Coverts chemical energy to sugars to energy (atp)
Mitochondria
What is the formula for cellular respiration
C6 012 c6 + 6o2 -> 6 co2 + 6 h2o + energy
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Are all considered....
Elements
Lipid Carbohydrate Protein Nucleic acid Are all known as...
Compounds
List four trace elements
Zinc
Maganese
Magnesium
Iron
Phospholipid by layer is….
The plasma membrane
It has two segments with space in between
List the particle model of matter
All matter is made up of particles of different shapes and sizes
Particles are always in brownian motion
Particles are attracted to each other, bonds of varying space
Matter is mostly composed of empty space and the space between may be occupied by particles of other substances
High to low
passive transport no energy required
What is diffusion affected by
Defusion
Affected by agitation temperature and concentration gradient
Selectively permeable barrier based on size and shape electrical charge and lipid solution
Plasma membrane
Some molecules does fuse directly across the _________.
Example:
In ______.
Out ______.
Across the membrane
Oxygen in and carbon dioxide out
Molecules passing membrane without any additional energy required.
No energy is required since it flows down the concentration gradient
Passive transport
Low to high
Involving water
Passive
Hypotonic to hypertonic
Osmosis
Hypertonic solution
Shrink and shrivel up this is known as creation
Hypotonic solution
Expand and explode this is known as cytolysis
This is passive.
High to low
Controlled by special proteins in the membrane
This is known as Facilitated diffusion
Membrane pumps
Low to high this is up the gradient
This is active and requires additional energy (adenosine triphosphate)
Active transport
Bringing in
Requires additional energy
This is known as endocytosis
List the process of endocytosis
Molecules bind with the receptor molecules on the surface, then taken into the cell as a vesicle,
receptors decide if the molecules must be destroyed or taken in,
the vacuole/vesicles are formed
Active
Taking waste out
Provide two examples
Exocytosis
Examples include hormones and enzymes
Mimic the cellular membrane of cells
Steps
Receptors bind to molecules bringing into cell by endocytosis
This is how new drugs are formed
Membrane technologies
Produce a lock and key and attached to four and proteins example like the bomb squad
This is known as membrane proteins with disease
Liposomes mimic cell membrane
When you inject DNA into tumor cells
Synthetic membrane technology
Treats kidney failure and detoxes only the kidney
Dialysis
Blood dialysis, no movement allowed during treatment, and artificial membrane cleanses the blood
Hemodialysis
A full body detox, waste passes through the membrane into the abdominal cavity then is released into a fluid
Peritonal dialysis
High to low, requires ATP, remove the salt from salt water and uses pumps
Reverse osmosis
A small cell will have______ efficiency than a _______ cell
A greater efficiency
Then a large cell
This can be increased by, list three examples
Elogation (root hairs)
Folding surfaces (fish gills)
Projections
Calculating surface area/volume
Scale
________
Real
