Chapter 20 Flashcards
progressivism & its varieties
One powerful impulse was anti-monopoly the fear of concentrated power/the urge to limit and disburse wealth another progressive impulse was a belief in the importance of social cohesion each person is a part of a group so the groups welfare is extremely important another impulse was a deep faith and knowledge knowledge they believed was extremely important to the success of society and progression
Muckrakers (Tarbell & Steffens)
Crusading journalist who began to direct public attention toward social political and economic injustice named because T Roosevelts accused one of them of rocking up Mc in his writings enter Ida Tarbell was a notable nutcracker who study of the standard oil trust in 1904 Lincoln Stevens was a reporter for Mclues magazine and the author of the famous book based on his articles the shame of the cities criticize machine governmentand boss rule
Social Gospel
Grilling out rage at social and economic justice help produce many reformers committed to the pursuit of social justice that impulse help create the rise of social gospel a powerful movement within Protestantism and some other religions Jeezy concert with redeeming the nation cities salvation army was an example of religious reform it was a Christian social welfare movement with vaguely militaristic structure by 1900 it had occurred at 3000 officers and 20,000 privates and was offering both material Aid and spiritual service to the urban poor also many religious leaders want to serve in trouble cities
religious progressivism (Rauschenbusch & Ryan)
Walter Rauschenbusch a Protestant theologist from Rochester New York published a series of influential discourses on the possibilities for human salvation through Christian reformed he saw Darwinism not a survival of the fittest but that all individuals should work to ensure a humanitarian evolution of the social fabric Catholic liberals like father John a Ryan took to heart the pokes morning of a small number of rich people were practicing cruelty close to slavery for decades he worked to spend scope of Catholic social welfare organizations
Jane Addams & Hull House
Hull house was the most famous and one of the first settlement houses opened in 1889 in Chicago as a result of the efforts of social worker Jane Addams became a model for over 400 small ordinate similar organizations staffed by mental of the educated middle-class settlement houses sought to help immigrant families adopt to the language and customs of their new country believe they have social responsibility to help
social work
Houses helped create important element of reform social work a growing number of sociology programs appeared in schools
professionalism
New middle-class place a high value on education andindividual accomplishment idea of professionalism had been up for L1 everyone who wasn’t qualified to claim to be a competent med student clean could click to be a doctor as the demand for services increased so topressures for reform medical profession was the first to respond with the American Medical Association and majority of women turned to helping professions like teaching
“new woman”
Changing roles of women caused by social and economic changes like income producing activity had moved into the factory or office children were beginning schools in earlier age and spending more time there housework was getting easier with technical advancements declining family size longer lifespans prominent single women like Jane Addams Lillian Wald and Frances Willard and the Howard Shaw and others female initiated divorce rate rose
Women’s Trade Union League
Founded in 1903 by female union members and upper-class reformers it was committed to persuading women to join unions worked on profitable leg protective lag for women and held public meetings on behalf of the millworkers raise money to support strikes mourned on picket lines and build strike women out of jail
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Rebuilding of women suffrage wrote that women wear the arbitrator of their own destiny if we are to consider her as a citizen as a member of a great nation she must have the same rights as other members
NAWSA vs. NWP/Carrie Chapman Catt vs. Alice Paul
National American women’s suffrage Association NASA led by Anna Howard Shaw and Carrie Chapman cat help strengthen the suffrage movement with their strong leadership but they also provided moreconscious reasons for suffrage they said women would give their maternal instincts to political decision the national women’s party and WP on the other hand was led by Alice Paul and was more militant are you going for a constitutional amendment that would ban sex is your Minasian and WP was not too successful because it was too militant
19th Amendment
Guaranteed political rights to women throughout the nation 1920
Equal Rights Amendment
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secret ballot
Example of an early attack on party dominance 1880s and 90s prior to this political parties have them selves printed ballots with the names of the parties nominee and no one else made it possible for bosses to monitor political behavior and made it harder to vote for candidates of different parties for different offices zero balance or printed by the government and distributed to pulls it discreetly help diminish the power of parties over voters
commissions and city manager
Commission plan was a success for reformers in Galveston Texas there was a title wave in 1900 gold city government couldn’t deal with it so reformers capitalized and one approval of a new city charter another approach to on there to support form was the city manager plan by which elected officials hired an outside experts to take charge of the cities government
Tom Johnson
Reformist to merge from traditional politics mayor of Cleveland thought to lower streetcar fares to three cents after he died his aide Newton Baker carried on his legacy also wanted cities to control more utilities
direct primary, initialtve, referendum & recall
Initiative and referendum were two of the most important changes proposed by populists in the 1890s the initiative allowed farmers to circumvent state legislators by submitting new legislation directly to the voters in general elections the referendum provided amend a method by which actions of legislator could be returned to the electorate for approval by 1918 more than 20 states and acted one or both of these reformsDirect primary recall were efforts to limit party power and improve quality of primary voting gave people more power except for blacks recall gave voters power to remove a public official with a specific election held after up her petition primaries were a thing in every state recall just a few like California
Robert La Follette
Most celebrated state-level governor of Wisconsin how to turn a state into a laboratory progressives for example he approved direct primaries initiatives and referendums regulated railroads and utilities regulated workplace and compassion for the job injuries guaranteed taxes graduated taxes Follett to use his personal magnetism to widen public awareness
interest groups
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