chapter 20 & 21 Flashcards
carbonates
+ 2 (group 2)
sulfides
right side of transition metals
what do dentists use to sedate/distract patients
N2O - nitrous oxide
what is a better oxidizing agent, H+ or Nitrogen ions?
nitrogen
native metals
can be found as the actual metal in nature as a positive ion
phosphates
+3 ions (group 3)
blast furnace
bauxite ore
-aluminum is produced through bauxite ore
-it contains Al2O3 and Fe2O3 as an impurity which needs to be removed
-ore is crushed and dissolved in water
-solution is made basic, forming Fe(OH)3 and Al(OH)4-, aluminum is a complex ion, while the iron
how is magnesium made
dow process
Dow process
a plant is built near the ocean, sea water is brought in that contains Mg2+. shells also come in which are made of CaCO3(s)
chlorides
+1 ions (group 1)
oxides
left side of transition metals
what is the principle ore of which aluminum is extracted from?
bauxite
pig iron
a result of the blast furnace
what is the formula of smog
NO2
fertilizer
NH3 and it helps make other fertilizers
nitrogen
and phosphorous
what will react most violently with water
Sodium
halogen oxides
oxides of sulfur
+6 - SO3, SO42-
+4 - SO2, SO32-
0 - S
-2 - H2S
oxides of chlorine
+7 - Cl207, ClO4-
+5 - ClO3-
+3 - ClO2-
+1 - ClO-
0 - Cl2
-1 - HCl
what is used in self contained breathing devices?
potassium superoxide
what does not react with HCL
disproportionation
reacting somethign with itself
why does copper react with nitric acid but not hydrochloric acid
because it is more stable
what forms a basic solution when reacted with water
what group one metal is most reactive
Li?
what group one metal reacts with nitrogen to form the metal nitride?
what is aqua-regia
the process of obtaining gold using HCL and HNO3
what will not react with oxygen
what halogen is liquid at 298K and 1 atm pressure
bromine
molecular formula for chloric acid
HClO3
how are chlorine and fluorine gasses produced?
what is the most reactive element of the periodic table?
florine F2
how is pure nitrogen obtained
the air
what is the majority of sulfur in the world
petroleum
frasch process
sulfur production
-send water down long pipe thing at high pressure and sulfur is spit out top
what is ammonia (NH3) used for
fertilizer, nitrogen-containing compounds, base, igand
how is bromine liquid produced
2Br- + Cl2 –> Br2 (l) + 2Cl-
how do you tell what the strongest acid is when going down a row?
size! not electronegativity
hoe do you tell what the strongest acid is when going across a row?
electronegativity! since they are all relatively the same size!
oxoacid
acid that has oxygen
between HClO4, HClO3, HClO2, and HClO, what is the strongest?
HClO4 since it has the most oxygens
can have to do with a more electronegative central atom
what is hydrogen peroxide used for?
swimming pools sometimes
and weak acid
strong oxidizing agent
what is never stored in a plastic container bc it eats its way out?
HF
what sulfur compound is added to water to make sulfuric acid?
What are the ka values of HClO3, HBrO3, HIO3
what does sulfuric acid act as?
oxidizing agent
oxoanions and oxoacids
Haber Process
making NH3
what is phosphorous mainly produced from?
calcium phosphate
alltoropes
exists as several froms
what element has allotropes and what are they?
phosphorous
-white phosphorous
-red phosphorous
white phosphorous
P4 tetrahedra
very reactive. will spontaneously combust in presence of oxygen
red phosphorous
-more stable than white phosphorous
-has one P-P bond in tetrahedron is broken and bonded to another phosphorous in a second chain to make P4 units
halogen reactivity
all halogens are very reactive!
fluorine is the most reactive and the reactivity decreases as we go down the column
what are is used in swimming pools to keep the water clean?
chlorine gas, chlorine compounds, bromine compounds
what was the first chemical warfare agent?
chlorine
what is bleach formula
NaCLO
what is used in the medical community as an antiseptic (living tissue)
betadine, a iodine containing product
what is fluroine found in nature as?
CaF2
what is fluorine reacted with to make HF?
H2SO4
how is air liquified?
compression/expansion cycles
what are nitrogen and oxygen found as?
elements in the atmosphere
air is _________ and each gas will _______ off as it’s temp is reached.
what are the gasses and their temps that they boil off at?
distilled, boil
-nitrogen: 77K
-Argon: 87k
-Oxygen: 90K
what elements does oxygen react with?
most elements on the periodic table
why is nitrogen very unreactive?
because of its strong triple bond
how are plant able to get nitrogen?
molecular nitrogen must be turned into other nitrogen-containing compounds, so that it is able to be used by plants
what are lots of explosives made out of?
nitrogen
-TNT
-nitroglycerin (dynamite)
-ammonium nitrate
-nitrogen trioxide
- lead azide
where does must sulfur production come from?
refining of crude oil
-split into to categories (sweet (lower sulfur levels) & sour (higher sulfur levels)
what is metallurgy?
extraction of metal from their ores
anhydrides
without water
limestone
CaCO3
how is gold sometimes recovered?
by dissolving it in liquid mercury, then the mercury is boiled off and gold is recovered
what are the more modern methods of recovering gold?
removal from rock by chemical means
what are the methods of production of metals from their ores?
-electrolysis
-reacting with another metal (a more reactive metal)
-reaction with H2 (producing water)
-reaction is C or CO (producing CO2)
how is K produced from KCL?
-elemental sodium is mixed with molten KCL
-potassium is more reactive than sodium
-equilibrium would lie well towards reactants
-potassium forms as a gas, burns, energy, and is removed forcing the reaction to continually move toward the right
oxides
peroxides
superoxides
O2-
02 2-
02 -
what is good at etching glass?
HF
what is commonly used as an antiseptic in the medical community?
betadine
what relaxes smooth muscle tissue and is used in viagra?
NO
what are the radicals? (unparied e-)
NO2 and NO
what is a really good dehydrating agent?
SO42-
