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Chemistry 152-A > chapter 20 & 21 > Flashcards

chapter 20 & 21 Flashcards

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1
Q

carbonates

A

+ 2 (group 2)

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2
Q

sulfides

A

right side of transition metals

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3
Q

what do dentists use to sedate/distract patients

A

N2O - nitrous oxide

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4
Q

what is a better oxidizing agent, H+ or Nitrogen ions?

A

nitrogen

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5
Q

native metals

A

can be found as the actual metal in nature as a positive ion

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6
Q

phosphates

A

+3 ions (group 3)

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7
Q

blast furnace

A
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8
Q

bauxite ore

A

-aluminum is produced through bauxite ore
-it contains Al2O3 and Fe2O3 as an impurity which needs to be removed
-ore is crushed and dissolved in water
-solution is made basic, forming Fe(OH)3 and Al(OH)4-, aluminum is a complex ion, while the iron

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9
Q

how is magnesium made

A

dow process

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10
Q

Dow process

A

a plant is built near the ocean, sea water is brought in that contains Mg2+. shells also come in which are made of CaCO3(s)

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11
Q

chlorides

A

+1 ions (group 1)

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12
Q

oxides

A

left side of transition metals

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13
Q

what is the principle ore of which aluminum is extracted from?

A

bauxite

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14
Q

pig iron

A

a result of the blast furnace

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15
Q

what is the formula of smog

A

NO2

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16
Q

fertilizer

A

NH3 and it helps make other fertilizers
nitrogen
and phosphorous

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17
Q

what will react most violently with water

A

Sodium

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18
Q

halogen oxides

A
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19
Q

oxides of sulfur

A

+6 - SO3, SO42-
+4 - SO2, SO32-
0 - S
-2 - H2S

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20
Q

oxides of chlorine

A

+7 - Cl207, ClO4-
+5 - ClO3-
+3 - ClO2-
+1 - ClO-
0 - Cl2
-1 - HCl

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21
Q

what is used in self contained breathing devices?

A

potassium superoxide

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22
Q

what does not react with HCL

A
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23
Q

disproportionation

A

reacting somethign with itself

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24
Q

why does copper react with nitric acid but not hydrochloric acid

A

because it is more stable

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25
Q

what forms a basic solution when reacted with water

A
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26
Q

what group one metal is most reactive

A

Li?

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27
Q

what group one metal reacts with nitrogen to form the metal nitride?

A
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28
Q

what is aqua-regia

A

the process of obtaining gold using HCL and HNO3

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29
Q

what will not react with oxygen

A
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30
Q

what halogen is liquid at 298K and 1 atm pressure

A

bromine

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31
Q

molecular formula for chloric acid

A

HClO3

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32
Q

how are chlorine and fluorine gasses produced?

A
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33
Q

what is the most reactive element of the periodic table?

A

florine F2

34
Q

how is pure nitrogen obtained

A

the air

35
Q

what is the majority of sulfur in the world

A

petroleum

36
Q

frasch process

A

sulfur production
-send water down long pipe thing at high pressure and sulfur is spit out top

37
Q

what is ammonia (NH3) used for

A

fertilizer, nitrogen-containing compounds, base, igand

38
Q

how is bromine liquid produced

A

2Br- + Cl2 –> Br2 (l) + 2Cl-

39
Q

how do you tell what the strongest acid is when going down a row?

A

size! not electronegativity

40
Q

hoe do you tell what the strongest acid is when going across a row?

A

electronegativity! since they are all relatively the same size!

41
Q

oxoacid

A

acid that has oxygen

42
Q

between HClO4, HClO3, HClO2, and HClO, what is the strongest?

A

HClO4 since it has the most oxygens

can have to do with a more electronegative central atom

43
Q

what is hydrogen peroxide used for?

A

swimming pools sometimes
and weak acid
strong oxidizing agent

44
Q

what is never stored in a plastic container bc it eats its way out?

A

HF

45
Q

what sulfur compound is added to water to make sulfuric acid?

A
46
Q

What are the ka values of HClO3, HBrO3, HIO3

A
47
Q

what does sulfuric acid act as?

A

oxidizing agent

48
Q

oxoanions and oxoacids

A
49
Q

Haber Process

A

making NH3

50
Q

what is phosphorous mainly produced from?

A

calcium phosphate

51
Q

alltoropes

A

exists as several froms

52
Q

what element has allotropes and what are they?

A

phosphorous
-white phosphorous

-red phosphorous

53
Q

white phosphorous

A

P4 tetrahedra
very reactive. will spontaneously combust in presence of oxygen

54
Q

red phosphorous

A

-more stable than white phosphorous
-has one P-P bond in tetrahedron is broken and bonded to another phosphorous in a second chain to make P4 units

55
Q

halogen reactivity

A

all halogens are very reactive!
fluorine is the most reactive and the reactivity decreases as we go down the column

56
Q

what are is used in swimming pools to keep the water clean?

A

chlorine gas, chlorine compounds, bromine compounds

57
Q

what was the first chemical warfare agent?

A

chlorine

58
Q

what is bleach formula

A

NaCLO

59
Q

what is used in the medical community as an antiseptic (living tissue)

A

betadine, a iodine containing product

60
Q

what is fluroine found in nature as?

A

CaF2

61
Q

what is fluorine reacted with to make HF?

A

H2SO4

61
Q

how is air liquified?

A

compression/expansion cycles

61
Q

what are nitrogen and oxygen found as?

A

elements in the atmosphere

62
Q

air is _________ and each gas will _______ off as it’s temp is reached.

what are the gasses and their temps that they boil off at?

A

distilled, boil

-nitrogen: 77K
-Argon: 87k
-Oxygen: 90K

63
Q

what elements does oxygen react with?

A

most elements on the periodic table

64
Q

why is nitrogen very unreactive?

A

because of its strong triple bond

65
Q

how are plant able to get nitrogen?

A

molecular nitrogen must be turned into other nitrogen-containing compounds, so that it is able to be used by plants

66
Q

what are lots of explosives made out of?

A

nitrogen
-TNT
-nitroglycerin (dynamite)
-ammonium nitrate
-nitrogen trioxide
- lead azide

67
Q

where does must sulfur production come from?

A

refining of crude oil
-split into to categories (sweet (lower sulfur levels) & sour (higher sulfur levels)

68
Q

what is metallurgy?

A

extraction of metal from their ores

69
Q

anhydrides

A

without water

70
Q

limestone

A

CaCO3

71
Q

how is gold sometimes recovered?

A

by dissolving it in liquid mercury, then the mercury is boiled off and gold is recovered

72
Q

what are the more modern methods of recovering gold?

A

removal from rock by chemical means

73
Q

what are the methods of production of metals from their ores?

A

-electrolysis
-reacting with another metal (a more reactive metal)
-reaction with H2 (producing water)
-reaction is C or CO (producing CO2)

74
Q

how is K produced from KCL?

A

-elemental sodium is mixed with molten KCL
-potassium is more reactive than sodium
-equilibrium would lie well towards reactants
-potassium forms as a gas, burns, energy, and is removed forcing the reaction to continually move toward the right

75
Q

oxides
peroxides
superoxides

A

O2-
02 2-
02 -

76
Q

what is good at etching glass?

A

HF

77
Q

what is commonly used as an antiseptic in the medical community?

A

betadine

78
Q

what relaxes smooth muscle tissue and is used in viagra?

A

NO

79
Q

what are the radicals? (unparied e-)

A

NO2 and NO

80
Q

what is a really good dehydrating agent?

A

SO42-

Chemistry 152-A (3 decks)

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