chapter 20 & 21 Flashcards

(82 cards)

1
Q

carbonates

A

+ 2 (group 2)

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2
Q

sulfides

A

right side of transition metals

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3
Q

what do dentists use to sedate/distract patients

A

N2O - nitrous oxide

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4
Q

what is a better oxidizing agent, H+ or Nitrogen ions?

A

nitrogen

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5
Q

native metals

A

can be found as the actual metal in nature as a positive ion

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6
Q

phosphates

A

+3 ions (group 3)

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7
Q

blast furnace

A
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8
Q

bauxite ore

A

-aluminum is produced through bauxite ore
-it contains Al2O3 and Fe2O3 as an impurity which needs to be removed
-ore is crushed and dissolved in water
-solution is made basic, forming Fe(OH)3 and Al(OH)4-, aluminum is a complex ion, while the iron

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9
Q

how is magnesium made

A

dow process

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10
Q

Dow process

A

a plant is built near the ocean, sea water is brought in that contains Mg2+. shells also come in which are made of CaCO3(s)

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11
Q

chlorides

A

+1 ions (group 1)

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12
Q

oxides

A

left side of transition metals

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13
Q

what is the principle ore of which aluminum is extracted from?

A

bauxite

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14
Q

pig iron

A

a result of the blast furnace

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15
Q

what is the formula of smog

A

NO2

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16
Q

fertilizer

A

NH3 and it helps make other fertilizers
nitrogen
and phosphorous

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17
Q

what will react most violently with water

A

Sodium

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18
Q

halogen oxides

A
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19
Q

oxides of sulfur

A

+6 - SO3, SO42-
+4 - SO2, SO32-
0 - S
-2 - H2S

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20
Q

oxides of chlorine

A

+7 - Cl207, ClO4-
+5 - ClO3-
+3 - ClO2-
+1 - ClO-
0 - Cl2
-1 - HCl

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21
Q

what is used in self contained breathing devices?

A

potassium superoxide

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22
Q

what does not react with HCL

A
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23
Q

disproportionation

A

reacting somethign with itself

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24
Q

why does copper react with nitric acid but not hydrochloric acid

A

because it is more stable

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25
what forms a basic solution when reacted with water
26
what group one metal is most reactive
Li?
27
what group one metal reacts with nitrogen to form the metal nitride?
28
what is aqua-regia
the process of obtaining gold using HCL and HNO3
29
what will not react with oxygen
30
what halogen is liquid at 298K and 1 atm pressure
bromine
31
molecular formula for chloric acid
HClO3
32
how are chlorine and fluorine gasses produced?
33
what is the most reactive element of the periodic table?
florine F2
34
how is pure nitrogen obtained
the air
35
what is the majority of sulfur in the world
petroleum
36
frasch process
sulfur production -send water down long pipe thing at high pressure and sulfur is spit out top
37
what is ammonia (NH3) used for
fertilizer, nitrogen-containing compounds, base, igand
38
how is bromine liquid produced
2Br- + Cl2 --> Br2 (l) + 2Cl-
39
how do you tell what the strongest acid is when going down a row?
size! not electronegativity
40
hoe do you tell what the strongest acid is when going across a row?
electronegativity! since they are all relatively the same size!
41
oxoacid
acid that has oxygen
42
between HClO4, HClO3, HClO2, and HClO, what is the strongest?
HClO4 since it has the most oxygens can have to do with a more electronegative central atom
43
what is hydrogen peroxide used for?
swimming pools sometimes and weak acid strong oxidizing agent
44
what is never stored in a plastic container bc it eats its way out?
HF
45
what sulfur compound is added to water to make sulfuric acid?
46
What are the ka values of HClO3, HBrO3, HIO3
47
what does sulfuric acid act as?
oxidizing agent
48
oxoanions and oxoacids
49
Haber Process
making NH3
50
what is phosphorous mainly produced from?
calcium phosphate
51
alltoropes
exists as several froms
52
what element has allotropes and what are they?
phosphorous -white phosphorous -red phosphorous
53
white phosphorous
P4 tetrahedra very reactive. will spontaneously combust in presence of oxygen
54
red phosphorous
-more stable than white phosphorous -has one P-P bond in tetrahedron is broken and bonded to another phosphorous in a second chain to make P4 units
55
halogen reactivity
all halogens are very reactive! fluorine is the most reactive and the reactivity decreases as we go down the column
56
what are is used in swimming pools to keep the water clean?
chlorine gas, chlorine compounds, bromine compounds
57
what was the first chemical warfare agent?
chlorine
58
what is bleach formula
NaCLO
59
what is used in the medical community as an antiseptic (living tissue)
betadine, a iodine containing product
60
what is fluroine found in nature as?
CaF2
61
what is fluorine reacted with to make HF?
H2SO4
61
how is air liquified?
compression/expansion cycles
61
what are nitrogen and oxygen found as?
elements in the atmosphere
62
air is _________ and each gas will _______ off as it's temp is reached. what are the gasses and their temps that they boil off at?
distilled, boil -nitrogen: 77K -Argon: 87k -Oxygen: 90K
63
what elements does oxygen react with?
most elements on the periodic table
64
why is nitrogen very unreactive?
because of its strong triple bond
65
how are plant able to get nitrogen?
molecular nitrogen must be turned into other nitrogen-containing compounds, so that it is able to be used by plants
66
what are lots of explosives made out of?
nitrogen -TNT -nitroglycerin (dynamite) -ammonium nitrate -nitrogen trioxide - lead azide
67
where does must sulfur production come from?
refining of crude oil -split into to categories (sweet (lower sulfur levels) & sour (higher sulfur levels)
68
what is metallurgy?
extraction of metal from their ores
69
anhydrides
without water
70
limestone
CaCO3
71
how is gold sometimes recovered?
by dissolving it in liquid mercury, then the mercury is boiled off and gold is recovered
72
what are the more modern methods of recovering gold?
removal from rock by chemical means
73
what are the methods of production of metals from their ores?
-electrolysis -reacting with another metal (a more reactive metal) -reaction with H2 (producing water) -reaction is C or CO (producing CO2)
74
how is K produced from KCL?
-elemental sodium is mixed with molten KCL -potassium is more reactive than sodium -equilibrium would lie well towards reactants -potassium forms as a gas, burns, energy, and is removed forcing the reaction to continually move toward the right
75
oxides peroxides superoxides
O2- 02 2- 02 -
76
what is good at etching glass?
HF
77
what is commonly used as an antiseptic in the medical community?
betadine
78
what relaxes smooth muscle tissue and is used in viagra?
NO
79
what are the radicals? (unparied e-)
NO2 and NO
80
what is a really good dehydrating agent?
SO42-