Chapter 20

Question 0

Nationalism’s conflict with Congress of Vienna

Answer 0

Oppose – monarchies/dynasties rather than ethnicity provided political unity, international states, international and domestic order of CoV

Question 1

Characteristics of Nationalism

Answer 1

People are bonded with similarity– Language, history, culture – be administered by same government

Question 2

Difficulties of Nationalism

Answer 2

Which ethnic groups should be nations

Question 3

Regions of nationalistic pressures

Answer 3

England/Ireland, Germany, Italy, Poland, Eastern Europe (Hungry, Czechs, Slovenia), southeastern Europe (Balkans- Serbs, Greek, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria)

Question 4

Definition of Liberals according to Conservatives

Answer 4

Anyone/anything that challenged their own political, religious, and social values

Question 5

Political goals of liberals

Answer 5

Legally quality, religious toleration, freedom of press, limit power of government against people/property through written constitutions, redistribution of land

Question 6

Economic goals of liberals

Answer 6

Abolish restraints for mercantilism and economies of enlightened absolutists, manufacture and sell goods freely – remove international tariffs and barriers, labor - bought and sold freely

Question 7

Major pillars of conservatism

Answer 7

Throne – legitimate monarchies, land – landed aristocracy,

alter – established churches

Question 8

Klemens von Metternich

Answer 8

Austrian prince; 1773–1859, epitomized 19th-century conservatism, chief architect of Vienna settlement

Question 9

Burschenschaftens

Answer 9

Nationalism/liberalism, student associations, replace all provincial attachments with loyalty to idea united German state, Karlsbad decrees

Question 10

The Spa Field Riots

Answer 10

December 1816; repression, Coercion Acts of March 1817 – suspended habeas corpus, no seditious gatherings, people called for reform = cause, changes civil rights

Question 11

The Peterloo Massacre

Answer 11

August 16, 1819; reaction to liberal revolts, reform of parliament, Manchester, militia commanded move into crowd, 11 killed, compared with Wellingtin’s victory at Waterloo

Question 12

The Six Acts

Answer 12

December 1819; forbade large unauthorized meetings, raised fines for seditious libel, sped up trials a political agitators, increased newspaper taxes, forbade training of armed groups, local officials could search homes in disturbed countries

Question 13

Louis XVIII was monarch

Answer 13

Constitutional monarchy, Louis XVI brother, political realist, The Charter – hereditary monarchy and bicameral legislator, Roman Catholicism, ultraroyalism – royalists demanded revenge, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Question 14

Major powers of the Congress of Vienna

Answer 14

Russia, Austria, Prussia, Great Britain

Question 15

Concert of Europe

Answer 15

Consultations between powers, new arrangement for resolving mutual foreign-policy issues, maintain balance of power against French regression and Russian military = goal, maintain peace and power

Question 16

Ferdinand VII’s rule

Answer 16

Broke promise to rule with written constitution, dissolved Cortés (Parliament), ruled alone, brother of Napoleon

Question 17

Demands of the Treaty of London

Answer 17

Turkish recognition of Greek independence,

France, Britain, Russia = say government

Question 18

Spark of independence movements throughout Latin America

Answer 18

Wars from French Revolution and Napoleon

Question 19

Toussaint L’Overture impact on Latin American independence

Answer 19

Lead Haitian slave rebellion, 1793; France abolishes slavery in Haiti, dominance of Hispanola, Authoritarian Constitution, Gov. Gen. for life, preserved ties with France

Question 20

Haitian slave rebellion

Answer 20

1791; result of conspiracy amongst slaves, violent, mulattos and free blacks went against white colonial masters, French officials and slaves help, 1793 – abolished slavery

Question 21

Tsar Alexander I and political reforms

Answer 21

Suppressed liberalism and nationalism – turned away from reform

Question 22

Event that exposed backwardness of Russia to soldiers

Answer 22

Driving Napoleon around Europe and occupying and defeating France – exposed to enlightenment and French Revolution ideas – Western liberalism

Question 23

Tsar Alexander I and successor

Answer 23

Constantine (older brother) = next in line, married non-royal woman – no longer able to rule, Nicholas (younger brother) = next next in line

Question 24

The Northern and Southern Societies

Answer 24

North – constitutional monarchy, protect interests of aristocracy
South – abolition serfdom, representative government

Both – agreed Russian government needs to change, coup d’état, at conflict

Question 25

Nicholas I views on serfdom

Answer 25

Saw it is evil, but trying to fix it would be even more disastrous; undermined Nobles’ support of him

Question 26

Slogan of Tsar Nicholas

Answer 26

Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationalism

Question 27

Significance of the Decembrist Revolt

Answer 27

First rebellion in Russian history with instigators with specific political goals

Question 28

Russian Tsar and infringements upon other countries

Answer 28

Control Poland = “King of Poland”, Organic statute

Question 29

Four Ordinances

Answer 29

No freedom of press, no franchise, new elections, no representative policy

Workers barricaded streets unable to control Paris, CoD

Question 30

Charles X domestic policies

Answer 30

Divine right of kings, reactionary conservative policies, Indemnify aristocrats, restored primogeniture, punished sacrilege with death, less conservative ministry, dominance of education and press eased

Question 31

Louis Philippe

Answer 31

New king, “King of the French”, tricolor, Catholicism, July Monarch, Algeria, constitutional reforms, July Revolution, chamber of deputies

Question 32

Great Reform Bill and English electorate

Answer 32

Expanded 50% or 200,000, Property and gender = qualification, wider variety of property represented in House of Commons, working-class desire to revolt = less

Question 33

Daniel O’Connell

Answer 33

Catholics Association, illegally took seat in Parliament, “the Liberator”, basic organization and funds to finance nationalist activities, Catholics could become members of Parliament, emancipation of Catholics

Question 34

Great Britain and support for independence in Latin America

Answer 34

Why = economic interests

Question 35

Major events taking place in 1830

Answer 35

Greece Belgium Serbia and Poland = revolution

July Revolution, Louis Philippe = King, November uprising

Question 36

French rulers from 1804–1848

Answer 36

Napoleon, Louis XVIII, Charles X, Louis Philippe, Napoleon III

Question 37

Latin America and independence

Answer 37

Haiti, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Spain