Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P II Test 3 > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

List the components of the urinary system.

A

Kidneys

Ureters

Urinary Bladder

Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the ideal GFR?

A

Glomerular Filtration on average produces 125 ml of

fluid/minute, although most is reabsorbed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Structural Components of Kidneys

Distinct features of those components?

A

-Renal Capsule : a fibrous membrane located around that renal cortex.

  • Renal Cortex- forms a shell around the medulla and form renal columns.
  • Renal columns the area located between renal pyramids.
  • Renal Medulla - is composed of conical masses

called renal pyramids (inner portion).

-Renal Pyramids – cone shaped masses of tissue in

the renal medulla.

Ureter – muscular tubes extending from the kidneys

to the base of the urinary bladder.

 Renal pelvis – superior end of ureter which is

expanded to form a funnel shape.

 Major calyces (calyx)– divisions of the renal pelvis

(2-3 tubes)

 Minor calyces (calyx)– divisions of major calyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is tubular secretion?

A
  • The movement of substances from the blood within the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule (DCT).
  • Tubular secretion accelerates the removal of certain compounds, such as hydrogen ions, andmaintains ion concentrations in the blood.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is filtrate?

A

plasma pulled from blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the functions of the kidney?

A
  • maintenance of homeostasis through the regulation of composition, volume and pH of body fluids
  • -Regulation of RBC formation via secretion of erythropoietin.
  • Activation of Vitamin D.
  • Maintenance of blood pressure (via blood volume).
  • Removal of metabolic waste products from blood and body (urine).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the urinary system?

A

To remove metabolic wastes from blood & remove from body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does the kidney receives oxygenated blood?

A
  • From renal arteries, which branch of abdominal aorta
  • renal arteries enter the kidney through the

hilum and branches into the interlobar arteries,

which eventually lead to the nephron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the kidney remove deoxygenated blood?

A

Deoxygenated blood is carried away from the

kidneys by the renal vein which joins with the

inferior vena cava.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes the release of renin?

A

The enzyme, renin, is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells in response to:

  1. Drop in blood pressure – leads to decreased GHSP and GFR.
  2. Sympathetic stimulation
  3. Decrease in chloride, potassium, and/or sodium ions.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the components of a Nephron?

A

Composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is glomerulus?

A

Responsible for filtering the blood that is

received.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the components of JGA

A

Macula Densa:area where afferent & efferent arterioles & distal convulated tubule come together

Juxtagolmerular Cells-smooth muscle cells @ the afferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the JGA?

A

secrete renin

Which is involved w/ blood pressure & involved w/ glomerular filtration regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blood Flow Pattern with Glomerulus

A

Glomerulus recieves blood from large afferent arteriole that turns into the capillaries that form the glomerulus

17
Q

What Are the Steps of Urine Formation ?

A

Involves process of glomeruluar formation, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

18
Q

What is Glomeruluar Filtration?

A
  • First step of Urine Formation begins with filtrartion of plamsa by the glomerulular cappillaries
  • Glomerular capillaries filter water & dissolves materials from blood (collected @ Bowman’s Capsule)
  • Filtration due to force called glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHSP)
19
Q

Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure (GHSP)

A

inside glomerular capillaries which is at a higher pressure than Bowman’s capsule.

  • Pressure at glomerular capillaries = +60 mmHg
  • Pressure at Bowman’s capsule = -18 mmHg
  • Osmotic pressure at capillaries = -32mmHg
20
Q

What is GFR?

A

The kidneys produce, on average, 125 ml of

fluid/minute, although most is reabsorbed at

the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).

21
Q

What Factors affect GFR?

A

Filtration Pressure

Glomerular Plasma Osmotic Pressure

Hydrostatic Pressure In The Glomerular Capsule

22
Q

What is Urea?

A

By Product of Amino Acid Metabolism

23
Q

What is Urine Acid?

A

By product of Nucleic Acid Metabolism

24
Q

How are Urea & Urine Acid Eliminated?

A

Urea is passively reabsorbed by diffusion but

about 20% of urea is secreted back into the

urine.

 Most uric acid is reabsorbed by active

transport and about 10% is secreted into the

renal tubule.

25
Q

What are Ureters?

A

ureters are muscular tubes that carry urine

from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via

peristalsis.

26
Q

What are the layers of the Ureters?

A
  • Inner mucosa: Transitional Epithelium
  • Muscular coat (muscularis):inner circular layer of smooth muscle and outer longitudinal layer (peristalsis)
  • Outer fibrous coat (serosa): Fibrous CT
27
Q

What is Incontinence?

A

the inability to control urination and/or defecation reflexes.

28
Q

What is polyuria?

A

excess urine output

29
Q

What is Diuresis?

A

increased urine excretion.

30
Q

What is a Diuretic?

A

substance that increases urine production.

31
Q

List the activity of Angiotensin II.

A
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Increase aldosterone secretion
  • Increase ADH secretion
  • Increase thirst
32
Q

What is Tubular Reabsorption?

A

The process by which substances are
transported from the glomerular filtrate to blood
in the peritubular capillaries.

33
Q

Function of the Angiotensin II:

Vasoconstriction

A
  • Vasoconstriction of efferent arteriole.
  • Vasoconstriction resulting in increasing pressure, which

directly increases GFR back to normal.

-This causes blood to further pool at the glomerulus to

allow for reabsorption of sodium/chloride/potassium.

34
Q

What substances are reabsorbed during tubular reabsorption?

A
  • Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed 100% by facilitated diffusion or active transport, water by osmosis, in the PCT.
  • Ions (sodium, potassium chloride, sulfate)
    Others, such as creatine, citric acid, urea, etc)
35
Q

How are substances reabsorbed during tubular reabsorption?

A

Most of the reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), where cells possess microvilli with carrier proteins (active transport).

36
Q

What is the renin-angiotensin system pathway?

A
  • Once released, renin will convert angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I.
  • Angiontensin I is converted into Angiotensin II by the enzyme ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme).
37
Q

2 mechanisms for maintaining GFR

A
  • autonomic nervous system (ANS) \
  • Sympathethic NS
38
Q

Mechanism for maintaining GFR:

ANS

A
  • Through vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole to decrease GFR when elevated
  • Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole to increase GFR when low.
39
Q

Mechanism for maintaining GFR:

SNS

A

Stimulated by a drop in blood pressure or blood\ volume.

Leads to vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles decreasing the filtration rate and decreasing urine formation.

Serves to conserve water!

Opposite occurs when there is an increase in blood pressure or blood volume (ie vasodilation or afferent arteriole).

A&P II Test 3 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions