Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

Audience analysis

Answer 1

examining and looking
at your audience first
by its demographic
characteristics and
then by their internal
psychological traits

Question 2

Demographic

characteristics

Answer 2

the outward characteristics of the audience

Question 3

Stereotyping

Answer 3

generalizing about a
group of people and
assuming that because
a few persons in that
group have a characteristic, all of them do

Question 4

Totalizing

Answer 4

taking one characteristic of a group or person
and making that the
“totality” or sum total
of what that person or
group is

Question 5

Heterogeneous

Answer 5

a mixture of different
types of people and
demographic characteristics within a group
of people

Question 6

Homogeneous

Answer 6

a group of people that
are very similar in
many characteristics

Question 7

Psychographic

Characteristics

Answer 7

the inner characteristics of the audience;
beliefs, attitudes,
needs, and values

Question 8

Beliefs

Answer 8

statements we hold to

be true

Question 9

Attitude

Answer 9

a stable positive or
negative response to a
person, idea, object, or
policy

Question 10

Values

Answer 10

goals we strive for and

what we consider important and desirable

Question 11

Needs

Answer 11

important deficiencies
that we are motivated
to fulfill

Question 12

Hearing

Answer 12

the physical process
in which sound waves
hit the ear drums and
send a message to the
brain

Question 13

Listening

Answer 13

an active process
where you are specifically making an effort
to understand, process,
and retain information

Question 14

Comprehensive

Listening

Answer 14

listening focused on
understanding and
remembering important information from a
public speaking message

Question 15

Empathetic

Listening

Answer 15

listening for understanding the feelings
and motivations of
another person, usually with the goal of
helping the person
deal with a personal
problem

Question 16

Appreciative

Listening

Answer 16

type of informed listening needed to listen
to and interpret music,
theatre, or literature

Question 17

Critical Listening

Answer 17

listening to evaluate
the validity of the arguments and information
and deciding whether
the speaker is persuasive and whether the
message should be
accepted

Question 18

Planned

Redundancy

Answer 18

the use of a clear central idea statement,
preview of the main
points, connective
statements, and overall
summary in the conclusion to reinforce the
main ideas or points of
a speech; the deliberate repeating of structural aspects of speech

Question 19

Confirmation bias

Answer 19

a tendency to search
for or interpret information in a way that
confirms one’s preconceptions