Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Z A&P Chapters 1-3 Study Guide > Chapter 2 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Element?

A

Simplest examples of matter with specific chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Compound?

A

Chemical combinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bulk element?

A

Elements the body requires in large amounts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Trace element?

A

Elements the body requires in small amounts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ultra trace element?

A

Elements vital in small amounts but toxic in large amounts (e.g. arsenic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Electron (e-)?

A

Negatively charged subatomic particle that occupies orbitals around the atomic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nucleus at the atomic level?

A

Core of an atom, occupied by protons and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Proton (p+)?

A

Positively subatomic particle found in the nucleus of all atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neutron?

A

Uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mass number?

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an element’s atom

(Atomic mass = average of protons and neutrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Molecule?

A

Two or more atoms combine to form a distinctive type of particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Molecular formula?

A

Shorthand used to depict the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chemical bond?

A

An attractive force that arises between two atoms when their electrons interact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Electron shell?

A

The electrons of an atom that occupy one or more regions of space that encircle the nucleus

(Shell model = Model of electron distribution in an atom)

(2(n^2))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Valance electrons?

A

Electrons (e-) in the outermost, or valence shell which determine the chemical behavior of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Octet rule?

A

Outer shell is full and unreactive

(Outermost electron shells filled = stable/unreactive-inert)

(The “desire for atoms to gain or lose electron to make a full out shell/octet of electrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ion?

A

An atom that carries a charge because it has an unequal number of protons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cation?

A

Positively charge, lost an electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anions?

A

Positively charge, gained an electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ionic bond?

A

A strong mutual attraction formed between ions of opposite charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Covalent bond?

A

Two atoms sharing a pair of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nonpolar covalent?

A

When atoms in a covalent bond share electrons equally

having an even distribution of charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Polar covalent?

A

When atoms in a covalent bond bond share electrons unequally

Having and uneven distribution of charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Polarity?

A

Any separation of charge into distinct positive and negative regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hydrogen bond?

A

Relatively weak bonds created by attraction of slightly (+) and slightly (-) regions of covalently bonded molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Reactant?

A

Starting materials changed by the chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Product?

A

Atoms, ions, or molecules formed at the reaction’s conclusion

28
Q

Synthesis reaction?

A

When two or more atoms, ions, or molecules bond to form a more complex structure

29
Q

Decomposition reaction?

A

Bonds of reactant break to form simpler molecules

30
Q

Exchange reaction?

A

Parts of two different types of molecules trade positions as bonds are broken and new bonds form

31
Q

Reversible reaction?

A

Products that can change back to reactants (double arrow)

32
Q

Catalyst?

A

Influences rate of reaction but are not consumed

33
Q

Acid?

A

Electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions in water (e.g. HCL)

34
Q

Base?

A

Release ions that combine with hydrogen ions (e.g. NaOH)

(They give hydroxyl OH-)

35
Q

Salt?

A

The result of bases and acids interaction causing neutralization to occur

(Cation of a base + anions of an acid)

36
Q

pH?

A

A measure of the number of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution

The more hydrogen ions the lower the pH

37
Q

Alkalemia?

A

Blood pH of 7.5-7.8 which then causes alkalosis

38
Q

Alkalosis?

A

Caused by alkalemia

Brought on by rapid breathing at high altitudes, vomiting excessively (loss of stomach acid), taking too many antacids, high fever, and anxiety

Symptoms included feeling agitated and dizzy

39
Q

Acidemia?

A

Blood pH of 7.0-7.3 and causes acidosis

40
Q

Acidosis?

A

Caused by acidemia

Brought on by diarrhea and severe vomiting (losing alkaline contents from the small intestine)

Symptoms include feeling disoriented and fatigued

41
Q

Buffer?

A

Chemicals that resist pH change

Combine with hydrogen ions when in excess or donate hydrogen ions when depleted

42
Q

Organic Compound?

A

Have carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen

43
Q

Carboydrates?

A

-CHO in a 1:2:1 ratio
-Provide energy

44
Q

Monosaccharide?

A

3-7 carbon atoms in a straight chain or ring

45
Q

Examples of carbohydrates?

A

Glucose, deoxyribose, and fructose

46
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Complex carbohydrates built from simple carbohydrates

47
Q

Example of polysaccharides?

A

Cellulose and glycogen

48
Q

Starch?

A

Highly branched chains of glucose molecules connected differently than cellulose

49
Q

Glycogen?

A

Animal starch

50
Q

Lipid

A

Greasy/oily nonpolar organic molecule often with 1+ fatty acid tail

51
Q

Triglyceride?

A

Most abundant lipid, used for energy, consists of Glycerol+3 fatty acids

52
Q

Saturated fat?

A

Solid at room temperature such as butter or lard. (single bonds only)

53
Q

Unsaturated fat?

A

Liquid at room temperature. (1+ double bonds in carbon chain)

54
Q

Phospholipid?

A

Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group (hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail)

55
Q

Steriod?

A

Connected carbon rings

56
Q

Examples of steriods?

A

Cholesterol, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

57
Q

Protein?

A

Comprised of molecular building block amino acids

58
Q

3 main functions of protein?

A

Structural material, energy, and chemical messengers

59
Q

Primary structure?

A

Sequence of amino acids in a protein

60
Q

Secondary structure?

A

Helical or folded plates formed by hydrogen bonds

61
Q

Tertiary structure?

A

Three dimensional structure formed by folding of the polypeptide chain

62
Q

Quaternary structure?

A

Assembly of two or more polypeptide chains

63
Q

Nucleic acids?

A

Large molecules composed of repeating chains of nucleotides

64
Q

Examples of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

65
Q

Nucleotide?

A

5-carbon sugar + phosphate + nitrogen containing organic base

(Building block for nucleic acids)

66
Q

DNA?

A

Genetic material (store information for protein synthesis)

Deoxyribonucleic acid

67
Q

RNA?

A

Function in protein synthesis (uses stored information in DNA)

Ribonucleic acid

Z A&P Chapters 1-3 Study Guide (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions