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Z A&P Chapters 1-3 Study Guide > Chapter 1 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy?

A

A biological science representing the study of body structures

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2
Q

Physiology?

A

A biological science representing the study of body function

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3
Q

Gross anatomy?

A

Also known as macroscopic anatomy. Examines large, visible structures

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4
Q

Surface anatomy?

A

Exterior features

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5
Q

Regional anatomy?

A

Body areas

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6
Q

Systemic anatomy?

A

Organ systems

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7
Q

Developmental anatomy?

A

From conception to death

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8
Q

Microscopic anatomy?

A

Examines cells and molecules

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9
Q

Cytology?

A

The study of cells and their structures

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10
Q

Histology?

A

The study of tissues and their structures

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11
Q

Cell physiology?

A

The processes within and between cells

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12
Q

Organ physiology?

A

The functions of specific organs

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13
Q

Systemic physiology?

A

Functions of an organ system

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14
Q

Pathophysiology?

A

Effects of diseases

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15
Q

Ingestion?

A

The taking in of food

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16
Q

Digestion?

A

The breaking of food into nutrients

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17
Q

Absorption?

A

The moving of nutrients into the blood stream

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18
Q

Metabolism?

A

The use of nutrients to extract energy or build cells/tissues

(The sum processes if all chemical reactions in the body)

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19
Q

Secretion?

A

The production and release of a substance for a specific effect

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20
Q

Excretion?

A

The removal of waste from the cell/tissues/body

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21
Q

Organ system?

A

A group of organs working together

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22
Q

Organism?

A

Interacting organ systems such as a person

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23
Q

Organ?

A

Multiple tissue types performing a major function in the body

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24
Q

Tissue?

A

Cells of similar type grouped together to perform a specific function in the body

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25
Q

Cell?

A

A fundamental subunit of living organisms

26
Q

4 Structures of integumentary system?

A

-Skin
-Sweat glands
-Hair
-Nails

27
Q

3 function of integumentary system?

A

-Protect against environmental hazards
-Regulate body temperature
-Provide sensory information

28
Q

4 structures of skeletal system?

A

-Bone
-Bone marrow
-Ligaments
-Cartilage

29
Q

4 function of skeletal system?

A

-Provide support
-Provide protection
-Stores Ca2+ ions and other minerals
-Forms blood cells

30
Q

4 structures of muscular system?

A

-Skeletal muscle
-Cardiac muscle
-Smooth muscle
-Tendons

31
Q

4 functions of muscular system?

A

-Provide movement
-Provide protection
-Provide support
-Generates heat that maintains body temperature

32
Q

4 structures of nervous system?

A

-Brain
-Spinal cord
-Peripheral nerves
-Sensory organs

33
Q

3 functions of the nervous system?

A

-Directs immediate response to stimuli
-Coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems
-Provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions

34
Q

5+ Structures of the endocrine system?

A

-Pituitary
-Hypothalamus
-Thyroid
-Adrenal
-Pancreas
-Other hormone secreting glands

35
Q

3 functions of the endocrine system?

A

-Directs long-term changes in the activities of other organs
-Adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body
-Controls many structural and functional changes during development

36
Q

3 structures of the circulatory system?

A

-Heart
-Blood vessels
-Blood

37
Q

2 functions of the circulatory system?

A

-Distribute blood cells, water, and dissolved materials including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
-Distribute heat and assists in control of body temperature

38
Q

6 structures of the immune system?

A

-Lymph nodes
-Lymph ducts
-Lymphatic vessels
-Spleen
-Tonsils
-Thymus

39
Q

2 functions of immune system?

A

-Defends against infection/disease
-Return tissue fluids to the bloodstream

40
Q

7 structures of the respiratory system?

A

-Nasal cavities
-Sinueses
-Larynx
-Trachea
-Bronchi
-Lungs
-Alveoli

41
Q

4 functions of respiratory system?

A

-Delivers air to alveoli
-Provides O2 to the bloodstream
-Removes CO2 from the bloodstream
-Produces sounds for communication

42
Q

10 structures of the digestive system?

A

-Teeth
-Tounge
-Pharynx
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Small intestine
-Large intestine
-Liver
-Gall bladder
-Spleen

43
Q

4 function of the digestive system?

A

-Process and digest food
-Absorb and conserve H20
-Absorb Nutrients
-Stores energy reserves

44
Q

4 structures of the excretory/urinary system?

A

-Kidneys
-Ureters
-Uirnary bladder
-Urethra

45
Q

4 functions of the excretory/urinary system?

A

-Excretes waste products from the blood
-Controls water balance by regulating the volume of urine produced
-Regualrts blood ion concentrations and pH
-Stores urine prior to voluntary elimination

46
Q

7 structures of the male reproductive system?

A

-Testes
-Epididyides
-Ductus deferentia
-Seminal vesicles
-Prostate gland
-Penis
-Scrotum

47
Q

2 function of male reproductive system?

A

-Produce male sex cells (sperm), semial fluids, and hormones
-Sexual intercourse

48
Q

7 structures of female reproductive system?

A

-Overies
-Uterine tubes
-Uterus
-Vagina
-Labia
-Clitoris
-Mammary glands

49
Q

4 functions of the female reproductive system?

A

-Produce female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones
-Supports developing embryo from conceptoing to delivery
-Provides milk to nourish newborn infant
-Sexual intercourse

50
Q

Homeostasis?

A

All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment

51
Q

Stimulus?

A

Change in the enviroment

52
Q

Sensor/receptor?

A

Recieves the stimulus

53
Q

Integrator/control center?

A

Process signal and sends instructions

54
Q

Effector?

A

Carries out instructions

55
Q

Compensatory response?

A

Physiological action that return condition to set point

56
Q

Negative feedback?

A

A change in a factor triggers a response to oppose the change and restore the factor to normal by moving the factor in the opposite direction of its initial change

57
Q

Positive feedback?

A

Intensify or add to the change

58
Q

Disease?

A

The result of failure to maintain balance

An abnormal structure that produces signs and symptoms

59
Q

ECF stand for?

A

Extracelluar fluid

60
Q

What does ECF do?

A

Plays a role in maintaining homeostasis

61
Q

What comprises ECF?

A

Plasma (fluid portion of blood) + Intersitiual fluid (fluid that surronds cells)

62
Q

What is the 60-40-20 rule?

A

-60% of the body is fluid
-40% of the liquid is in the intracelllar compartment
-20% of the liquid is in the extracellular compartment

Z A&P Chapters 1-3 Study Guide (3 decks)

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