Chapter 1 Vocabulary Flashcards
Anatomy?
A biological science representing the study of body structures
Physiology?
A biological science representing the study of body function
Gross anatomy?
Also known as macroscopic anatomy. Examines large, visible structures
Surface anatomy?
Exterior features
Regional anatomy?
Body areas
Systemic anatomy?
Organ systems
Developmental anatomy?
From conception to death
Microscopic anatomy?
Examines cells and molecules
Cytology?
The study of cells and their structures
Histology?
The study of tissues and their structures
Cell physiology?
The processes within and between cells
Organ physiology?
The functions of specific organs
Systemic physiology?
Functions of an organ system
Pathophysiology?
Effects of diseases
Ingestion?
The taking in of food
Digestion?
The breaking of food into nutrients
Absorption?
The moving of nutrients into the blood stream
Metabolism?
The use of nutrients to extract energy or build cells/tissues
(The sum processes if all chemical reactions in the body)
Secretion?
The production and release of a substance for a specific effect
Excretion?
The removal of waste from the cell/tissues/body
Organ system?
A group of organs working together
Organism?
Interacting organ systems such as a person
Organ?
Multiple tissue types performing a major function in the body
Tissue?
Cells of similar type grouped together to perform a specific function in the body
Cell?
A fundamental subunit of living organisms
4 Structures of integumentary system?
-Skin
-Sweat glands
-Hair
-Nails
3 function of integumentary system?
-Protect against environmental hazards
-Regulate body temperature
-Provide sensory information
4 structures of skeletal system?
-Bone
-Bone marrow
-Ligaments
-Cartilage
4 function of skeletal system?
-Provide support
-Provide protection
-Stores Ca2+ ions and other minerals
-Forms blood cells
4 structures of muscular system?
-Skeletal muscle
-Cardiac muscle
-Smooth muscle
-Tendons
4 functions of muscular system?
-Provide movement
-Provide protection
-Provide support
-Generates heat that maintains body temperature
4 structures of nervous system?
-Brain
-Spinal cord
-Peripheral nerves
-Sensory organs
3 functions of the nervous system?
-Directs immediate response to stimuli
-Coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems
-Provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions
5+ Structures of the endocrine system?
-Pituitary
-Hypothalamus
-Thyroid
-Adrenal
-Pancreas
-Other hormone secreting glands
3 functions of the endocrine system?
-Directs long-term changes in the activities of other organs
-Adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body
-Controls many structural and functional changes during development
3 structures of the circulatory system?
-Heart
-Blood vessels
-Blood
2 functions of the circulatory system?
-Distribute blood cells, water, and dissolved materials including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
-Distribute heat and assists in control of body temperature
6 structures of the immune system?
-Lymph nodes
-Lymph ducts
-Lymphatic vessels
-Spleen
-Tonsils
-Thymus
2 functions of immune system?
-Defends against infection/disease
-Return tissue fluids to the bloodstream
7 structures of the respiratory system?
-Nasal cavities
-Sinueses
-Larynx
-Trachea
-Bronchi
-Lungs
-Alveoli
4 functions of respiratory system?
-Delivers air to alveoli
-Provides O2 to the bloodstream
-Removes CO2 from the bloodstream
-Produces sounds for communication
10 structures of the digestive system?
-Teeth
-Tounge
-Pharynx
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Small intestine
-Large intestine
-Liver
-Gall bladder
-Spleen
4 function of the digestive system?
-Process and digest food
-Absorb and conserve H20
-Absorb Nutrients
-Stores energy reserves
4 structures of the excretory/urinary system?
-Kidneys
-Ureters
-Uirnary bladder
-Urethra
4 functions of the excretory/urinary system?
-Excretes waste products from the blood
-Controls water balance by regulating the volume of urine produced
-Regualrts blood ion concentrations and pH
-Stores urine prior to voluntary elimination
7 structures of the male reproductive system?
-Testes
-Epididyides
-Ductus deferentia
-Seminal vesicles
-Prostate gland
-Penis
-Scrotum
2 function of male reproductive system?
-Produce male sex cells (sperm), semial fluids, and hormones
-Sexual intercourse
7 structures of female reproductive system?
-Overies
-Uterine tubes
-Uterus
-Vagina
-Labia
-Clitoris
-Mammary glands
4 functions of the female reproductive system?
-Produce female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones
-Supports developing embryo from conceptoing to delivery
-Provides milk to nourish newborn infant
-Sexual intercourse
Homeostasis?
All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment
Stimulus?
Change in the enviroment
Sensor/receptor?
Recieves the stimulus
Integrator/control center?
Process signal and sends instructions
Effector?
Carries out instructions
Compensatory response?
Physiological action that return condition to set point
Negative feedback?
A change in a factor triggers a response to oppose the change and restore the factor to normal by moving the factor in the opposite direction of its initial change
Positive feedback?
Intensify or add to the change
Disease?
The result of failure to maintain balance
An abnormal structure that produces signs and symptoms
ECF stand for?
Extracelluar fluid
What does ECF do?
Plays a role in maintaining homeostasis
What comprises ECF?
Plasma (fluid portion of blood) + Intersitiual fluid (fluid that surronds cells)
What is the 60-40-20 rule?
-60% of the body is fluid
-40% of the liquid is in the intracelllar compartment
-20% of the liquid is in the extracellular compartment
