Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards
The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.
Human movement system
Human Movement
The kinetic chain (human movement system) is made up of three primary systems. The skeletal system (bones and joints), the muscular system (ligaments, tendons, muscles, and fascia) and the nervous system (peripheral and central nerves).
A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body.
Nervous System
Nervous System
One of the primary organ systems in the body. Is a combination of billions of cells that communicate with one another in a network within the body. The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the spinal cord and brain. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerves that connect the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the human body.
The ability of the nervous system to notice changes in their external or internal environment. This is one of the three main functions of the nervous system.
Sensory Function (NS)
The ability that the nervous system has to interpret and analyze sensory information. This allows for adequate decision-making and producing the correct response.
Integrative Function (NS)
This is the neuromuscular (Muscular and nervous system) response to sensory information. For example your body’s response by muscular contraction when you touch burning hot metal.
Motor Function (NS)
This is the cumulative sensory input to the CNS (Central nervous system) from all of the various mechanoreceptors that can sense limb movement and body position.
Proprioception (NS) - training improves coordination, posture, and balance.
The functional unit of the nervous system.
Neuron (NS)
A type of nerve cell that conducts impulses to the central nervous system from a sense organ.
Sensory Neurons (afferent) (NS)
Another name for Sensory Neurons.
Afferent (NS)
Transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
Interneurons (NS)
Transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites.
Motor Neurons (efferent) (NS)
A type of nerve cell that sends impulses to glands, muscles and other effectors.
Motor Neurons (efferent) (NS)
Another name for Motor Neurons.
Efferent (NS)
Stimulates muscle contraction to initiate movement.
Motor Neurons (efferent) (NS)
The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.
Central Nervous System (CNS) (NS)
Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) (NS)
Specialized receptors that respond to pressure inside of tissues and transmit signals through sensory nerves.
Mechanoreceptors (NS)
Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change.
Muscle Spindles (NS)
Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change.
Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO) (NS)
Receptors surrounding a joint that responds to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint.
Joint Receptors (NS)
The body’s framework that is comprised of joints and bones. It provides the focus and shapes for bodies
Skeletal System
Provide protection for vital organs and a resting place for muscles.
Bones (SS)
Junctions for muscles, bones and connective tissues where movement occurs. It is also known as articulation.
Joints (SS)
The area of the skeletal system that contains the rib cage, skull, and vertebral column. It consists of 80 bones.
Axial Skeleton (SS)
The area of the skeletal system that consists of the lower and upper extremities. It’s basically the legs, arms, appendage in appendicular. This contains 126 bones.
Appendicular Skeleton (SS)
The process of formation and resorption of bone.
Remodeling (SS)
A type of bone cell that removes bone tissue.
Osteoclasts (SS)
A type of bone cell that is responsible for bone formation.
Osteoblasts (SS)
The end of long bones which is mainly comprised of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production. They are also one of the primary sites for bone growth.
Epiphysis (SS)
The long portion of the bone that is considered the shaft. It is much more compact and strong.
Diaphysis (SS)
The region of long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis. It is a layer of subdividing cartilaginous cells in which growth in length of the diaphysis occurs.
Epiphyseal Plate (SS)
This is the area of the long bone that connects the epiphysis to the diaphysis. This is a dividing layer of cartilage in cells that grow lengthwise to create the diaphysis.
Epiphyseal Plate (SS)
A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps (invests) all bone, except that of the articulating surfaces in joints, which are covered by a synovial membrane.
Periosteum (SS)
This is the dense and fibrous outer layer where muscles attach and a more delicate layer inside that can create bone.
Periosteum (SS)
This is the location where bone marrow is stored and where blood cell formation happens. Is a small cavity that is located in the shaft of the bone.
Medullary Cavity (SS)
This is the inelastic, flexible yet firm type of connective tissue that is located at the end of bones at the joint.
Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage (SS)
Cartilage that covers the articular surface of bones.
Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage (SS)
Flattened or indented portions of bone, which can be muscle attachment sites.
Depressions (SS)
Projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach.
Processes (SS)
A series of irregularly shaped bones that houses the spinal cord. 24 bones.
Vertebral column (SS)
Joint motion. The description of joint surfaces when bones are put through a range of motion.
Arthrokinematics (SS)
Joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body.
Synovial Joints (SS)
Joints that do not have a joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage.
Nonsynovial Joints (SS)
Primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement.
Ligament (SS)
This connects bones to other bones and help support the joint.
Ligaments (SS)
Series of muscles that moves the skeleton.
Muscular System
The full collection of all of the muscles in the human body.
Muscular System
A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle.
Epimysium (MS)
This is the layer of muscular connective tissue on the outside.
Epimysium (MS)
The connective tissue that surrounds fascicles.
Perimysium (MS)
This is the muscular connective tissue in the middle that encompasses the muscle fascicle.
Perimysium (MS)
The deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds/covers individual muscle fibers.
Endomysium (MS)
Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force.
Tendons (MS)
Connect skeletal muscles to the bone with a band of white, inelastic, dense and tough band of tissue.
Tendons (MS)
The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments.
Sarcomere (MS)
The contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation.
Neural Activation (MS)
This is the process of nervous system activation of a muscle fiber by the means of the neuromuscular junction.
Neural Activation (MS)
A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it connects to.
Motor Unit (MS)
Chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular junction (synapse) to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle.
Neurotransmitters (MS)
These are small chemical messengers that are able to cross the neuromuscular synapse (junction) in order to transmit these and electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle.
Neurotransmitters (MS)
