Chapter 2 Vocab

Question 1

Federalism

Answer 1

sharing of power between a central government and equally sovereign regional (state) governments.

Question 2

Unitary Government

Answer 2

governments with a single governing authority in a central capital with uniform law throughout the land

Question 3

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Answer 3

states must regard and honor the laws in other states

Question 4

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Answer 4

prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner.

Question 5

Extradition

Answer 5

obligates states to deliver captured fugitive criminals back to the state where they committed the original crime

Question 6

Police Power

Answer 6

state powers to create and enforce laws on health, safety, and morals

Question 7

Tenth Amendment

Answer 7

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Question 8

Delegated/Expressed Powers

Answer 8

powers directly given to the federal government by the Constitution

Question 9

Reserved Powers

Answer 9

powers not specifically listed in the Constitution, therefore are given to the states

Question 10

Concurrent Powers

Answer 10

governing powers that are held by both the state and the federal governments, such as taxing, law enforcement, and courts

Question 11

Obergefell v. Hodges

Answer 11

Supreme Court case in which the court ruled in favor to the right to same-sex marriage guaranteed by the due process clause and the equal protection clause in the 14th Amendment

Question 12

Loose Constructionist

Answer 12

broad interpretation of the Constitution

Question 13

Strict Constructionist

Answer 13

narrow interpretation of the Constitution

Question 14

Compact/Contract Theory

Answer 14

The idea that the Constitution represents an agreement among sovereign states to form a common government.

Question 15

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 15

Rebellion of farmers protesting tax on whiskey. Effects of the war: Washington put rebellion down quickly proving the strength of the federal government, while strengthening opposition to the federal government by the Jefferson’s Democratic Republicans

Question 16

Nullification

Answer 16

right to declare null and void any federal law if a state thought the law violated the Constitution

Question 17

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 17

Supreme Court ruling (1819) confirming the supremacy of national over state government

Question 18

Dual Federalism

Answer 18

A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.

Question 19

Selective Exclusiveness

Answer 19

a doctrine asserting that only Congress may regulate when the commodity (asset/product) requires a national uniform rule

Question 20

Revenue Sharing

Answer 20

federal government sharing tax money (revenue) with state and local money. Part of

Question 21

Cooperative Federalism

Answer 21

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly.

Question 22

Fiscal Federalism

Answer 22

Federal government using money (grants) to influence & control states.

Question 23

Grants

Answer 23

money given by the national government to the states

Question 24

Categorical Grants

Answer 24

Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport

Question 25

Strings Attached

Answer 25

traditional control that tells the state government what it must do if it wants to receive federal grant money

Question 26

Block Grants

Answer 26

Money from the national government that states can spend within broad guidelines

Question 27

Grants-in-Aid

Answer 27

federal funds to states that qualify for financial assistance

Question 28

Marble Cake Federalism

Answer 28

type of federalism in which all levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs. State and federal government both have authority over an issue.

Question 29

Conditions of Aid

Answer 29

Federal rules attached to the grants that states receive. States must agree to abide by these rules in order to receive the grants.

Question 30

New Federalism

Answer 30

system in which the national government restores greater authority back to the states

Question 31

Mandates

Answer 31

terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants

Question 32

Devolution

Answer 32

the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states

Question 33

United States v. Lopez (1995)

Answer 33

Congress may not use the commerce clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime

Question 34

Clean Air Act

Answer 34

Federal law that set emission standards for cars, and limits for release of air pollutants

Question 35

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Answer 35

Legislation passed in 1990 that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities. Under this Act, discrimination against a disabled person is illegal in employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and government activities.

Question 36

No Child Left Behind

Answer 36

educational law that set high standards and measurable goals for education.