Chapter 1 Vocab

Question 1

Jean- Jacques Rousseau’s philosophy that an agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed

Answer 1

social contract

Question 2

John Locke’s law of God, this law is acknowledged through human sense and reason. Under this law people were worn free and equal

Answer 2

Natural Law

Question 3

People are the ultimate ruling authority

Answer 3

Popular Soveriety

Question 4

Form of democracy depends on direct participation of many, if not most, people in society, not only government but in public life as well. People vote directly for laws and other matters that affect them instead of voting for people to represent their interests.

Answer 4

Participatory Democracy

Question 5

nongovernmental groups organize to try to exert influence on political decision-making in this type of democracy. This type of democracy carries the believe that the ideas and viewpoint of the U.S. are so scattered and varied that no single view can control the shaping and administration of policy.

Answer 5

Pluralist Democracy

Question 6

a series of statements that defined the initial weak national government and refined the former colonies as states

Answer 6

Articles of Confederation

Question 7

elected representatives make decisions and act as trustees for the people who elected them. This type of democracy recognizes an inequality in the spread of power among the populace and that the people with resources and influence dominate.

Answer 7

Elite Democracy

Question 8

states were expected to return fugitives to states where they had committed crimes and runaway slaves to states they had fled

Answer 8

Extradition

Question 9

“Father of the Constitution”, author of the Bill of Rights, and author of Federalist Paper No. 10

Answer 9

James Madison

Question 10

plan to create a three branch system of government defined the national executive to administer business of state, a judiciary, and a bicameral (two house) legislature. Established a supreme national government and separation of powers between the branches. Representation in Congress would be determined by population. Plan benefits large states, while putting small states at a disadvantage.

Answer 10

Virginia Plan

Question 11

plan to ensure that states would retain their sovereignty, proposed national legislature would have only limited and defined powers, and had no provision for national courts. Representation in Congress would be equal for every state. Plan benefits small states, while putting large states at a disadvantage.

Answer 11

New Jersey Plan

Question 12

Plan to have a popularly elected House based on state population and equal representation in state-selected Senate, with two members for each state. This plan combined both the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan.

Answer 12

Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)

Question 13

Only three of every five slaves would be counted for the purpose of each state’s representation in the House of Representatives; Congress could not stop the importation of slaves for 20 years

Answer 13

Three-Fifths Compromise

Question 14

States decide how their electors are chosen, with each state having the same number of electors as they had representatives in Congress

Answer 14

Electoral College

Question 15

Constitutional mission statement that begins with “We the people” and outlines the purposes of the new government, such as “establishing justice” and providing for a “common defense”

Answer 15

Preamble

Question 16

the laws the government creates and the manner in which they are carried out

Answer 16

Policy

Question 17

The powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution.

Answer 17

enumerated powers

Question 18

Clause stating that Congress can regulate interstate and international commerce.

Answer 18

Commerce Clause

Question 19

constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out its powers

Answer 19

necessary and proper clause/ elastic clause

Question 20

Constitution’s requirement that each state accept and respects the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state

Answer 20

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Question 21

the point of view that the national government should have relatively more power than the states

Answer 21

National Supremacy

Question 22

clause of the Constitution that makes certain that all states must adhere to the Constitution. The federal government will be placed in power and importance of the the state governments.

Answer 22

Supremacy Clause

Question 23

a series of essays written to defend the Constitution and try to gain support for the ratification of the Constitution

Answer 23

Federalist Paper

Question 24

Opponents of the American Constitution. This group of people advocated for stronger state governments over a weaker national government. This group of people feared the proposed Constitution would violate individual’s and state’s rights.

Answer 24

Anti-Federalists

Question 25

Supporters of the U.S. Constitution. This group of people advocated for weaker state governments under a stronger national government. This group of people was confident in the proposed Constitution and its establishment checks and balances and separation of powers.

Answer 25

Federalists

Question 26

The first ten amendments to the Constitution that safeguard individual and state rights

Answer 26

Bill of Rights

Question 27

a collection of sovereign states gathered for the national interest, national needs, and national defense

Answer 27

representative republic

Question 28

limiting powers each branch can use on the other branches of the government

Answer 28

Checks and Balances

Question 29

a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body.

Answer 29

Veto

Question 30

president’s power to kill a bill, if Congress is not in session, by not signing it for 10 days

Answer 30

pocket veto

Question 31

If the President vetoes a bill, the Congress may override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses. The bill would then become law, the President’s objections notwithstanding.

Answer 31

two-thirds override

Question 32

Senators right to formally approve on presidential appointments

Answer 32

advice and consent

Question 33

accusation, an indictment of wrongdoing by a public official

Answer 33

impeachment

Question 34

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws

Answer 34

Judicial Review

Question 35

system of government that divides the power between the national and state government

Answer 35

federalism

Question 36

Powers given to the state government alone

Answer 36

reserved powers