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World History 1 Honors > Chapter 2 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Rivers that flow south from modern-day Turkey through what is now Iraq to empty into the Persian Gulf

A

Tigris and Euphrates

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2
Q

Area between two rivers - larger area, Fertile Crescent, overlaps with Mesopotamia, along the Mediterranean Coast

A

Mesopotamia/Fertile Crescent

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3
Q

A Phoenician colony on the coast of North Africa, a significant outpost in the region

A

Carthage

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4
Q

A desert in Southern Africa

A

Kalahari

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5
Q

Begins in the interior of Africa and flows North to empty into the Mediterranean Sea (Biggest River)

A

Nile River

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6
Q

The creation of desert-like conditions

A

Desertification

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7
Q

Civilization that developed near water and became the core and foundation of later civilizations in the region

A

Indus River Valley

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8
Q

Caused the gradual decline and eventual disappearance of the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations, so much tree loss that the deforestation caused the soil to erode

A

Environmental Degradation

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9
Q

The action of clearing a wide area of trees

A

Deforestation

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10
Q

Major River in China (Birthplace of Chinese Civilizations)

A

Huang He/Yellow River

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11
Q

Another major river in China that stretches 4,000 miles across Central China (Longest River to flow entirely within one country)

A

Chiang Jiang River

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12
Q

A type of Fertile soil that is yellow in color

A

Loess

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13
Q

Historical region and cultural area that is in the middle of America

A

Mesoamerica

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14
Q

Corn, first important plants to be grown by indigenous people

A

Maize

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15
Q

Islands that early people would live on

A

Oceania and Polynesia

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16
Q

The assignment of different parts of a manufacturing process or task to different people in order to improve efficiency

A

Division of Labor

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17
Q

A system by which one thing is exchanged for another

A

Barter

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18
Q

worship of many gods

A

Polytheistic

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19
Q

temples and altars in large stepped pyramids

A

Ziggurats

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20
Q

The study of objects outside Earth’s atmosphere

A

Astronomy

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21
Q

Predicting the future by studying movements of stars and planets

A

Astrology

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22
Q

They lived in the region of Canaan - present-day Israel (Kingdom of Israel)

A

Hebrews/Israelites/Jews

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23
Q

“a father of many nations” - father that lead them back to Egypt

A

Abraham

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24
Q

A prophet who receives then Ten Commandments from God and helps the people

A

Moses

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25
Q

The ten rules given to Moses by God that dictate how humans should live and interact with one another

A

Ten Commandments

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26
Q

belief in the existence of one God

A

Monotheism

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27
Q

The dispersion of Israelites or Jews out of their ancient ancestral homeland and their subsequent settlement of other parts

A

Jewish Diaspora

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28
Q

Kings and queens who hold both religious and political power

A

Theocrats

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29
Q

Removing the body’s internal organs, drying the body with salts, and packing its insides and wrapping it with chemically treated cloth

A

Mummification

30
Q

indo-european speaking peoples originally from Central Asia

A

Aryans

31
Q

A language that was commonly used among people

A

Hindi

32
Q

A collection of Aryan religious hyms, poems, and songs

A

Vedas/Vedic Age

33
Q

The ancient Chinese believed that the spirits of their ancestors could speak to gods for them, they made offspring to try to win over the favor of the gods

A

Ancestor Veneration

34
Q

A separate class of people who were skilled at cuneiform, were charged first with record-keeping and later with the writing of history and myths

A

Scribes

35
Q

The oldest written story on the Earth based on the “adventures” of a real Sumerian King named Gilgamesh

A

The Epic of Gilgamesh

36
Q

The world’s first writing system

A

Cuneiform

37
Q

A system of symbols (letters) that represent the sounds of speech, as an alternative to Cuneiform

A

Alphabetic Script

38
Q

picture-writing to communicate with other (like the alphabet)

A

Hieroglyphics

39
Q

paper book that Egyptians put in the coffins of dead pharaohs and some nobles: each version of the book was different since it told the story of the dead person

A

Book for the Dead

40
Q

sacred language that was used to create stories passed through generations

A

Sanskirt

41
Q

the interaction of both traditions come to fruition in the Upanishads, a collection of religious thought that illuminated several new religious concepts - bhrama, dhama stuff

A

Upanishads

42
Q

originated in Southern China, they introduced agriculture to the New Guinea

A

Austronesian Speakers

43
Q

men dominated civilizations rather than woman

A

Patriarchal

44
Q

a system of political organization in which a vassal served a lord and received protection and land in return

A

Feudalism

45
Q

Sumerians migrated into Mesopotamia, settling with people who already lived there; overtime they created the civilization of Sumer

A

Sumer/Sumerians

46
Q

a city in Sumer that was the largest city with a popular of 50,000

A

Uruk

47
Q

each Sumerian city/the land they controlled formed a city-state, which were independent with their own government

A

City-states

48
Q

Invaders who built a new city capital called Babylon, so they become known as Babylonians

A

Babylonians

49
Q

a large territory that included diverse social groups

A

Empire

50
Q

they occupied parts of present-day Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan, developed a wide trade network across the Med. Sea

A

Phoenicians

51
Q

A nomadic pastoralism group from modern Syria that invaded the middle Kingdom

A

Hyksos

52
Q

An invader group who had a military advantage over the Egyptians because they were starting to use iron tools and weapons

A

Hitties

53
Q

Was conquered by the civilization of Axum, remained dependent on Egypt, civilization

A

Kush

54
Q

Another civilization that was founded on the plateau of present-day Ethiopia

A

Axum

55
Q

Indigenous peoples of the Indian Subcontinent

A

Dravidians

56
Q

Established by Dravidians, two sophisticated urban centers in the Indus valley

A

Harappan & Mohenjo Daro

57
Q

human settlement, along the coast of Peru and it existed from 1000 to 200 B.C.E

A

Chavin Civilization

58
Q

Chilean dependency in the eastern Pacific Ocean, famous for its giant stone statues

A

Easter Island

59
Q

of or relating to the people who have been in a region from the earliest time

A

Aboriginals

60
Q

the core/foundation of the advanced civilizations, their lifestyle influenced all the later civilizations, east and central Mexico, 200 to 400 B.C.E

A

Olmec Civilization

61
Q

the Babylonian’s most powerful king

A

Hammurabi

62
Q

a set of laws created by Hammurabi - very extreme, supposedly “equal”… a little too equal

A

Code of Hammurabi

63
Q

A king who united two kingdoms, a turning point in Egyptian history

A

King Menes

64
Q

the king or queen leading the government (term did not come into use until the New Kingdom)

A

Pharaoh

65
Q

A pharaoh who tried to change Egypt’s religion

A

Akhenaton

66
Q

A powerful pharaoh who took the throne and remained in power for a very long time; expanded the empire to Southwest Asia

A

Ramses the Great

67
Q

lasted about 400 years, a Kingdom in China that we do not know much about

A

Xia Dynasty

68
Q

a leader overthrew Xia Dynasty, creating the Shang Dynasty which ruled for the next 600 years, decently successful

A

Shang Dynasty

69
Q

the idea that a just ruler’s power was bestowed by the gods

A

Mandate of Heaven

70
Q

When the king was killed, the Shang Dynasty ended, and Wu established the Zhou Dynasty in its place, ruled for 900 years

A

Zhou Dynasty

World History 1 Honors (2 decks)

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