Chapter 2-Treatment Factors that Influence Therapy Outcomes of Children Who Stutter

Question 1

What have findings from empirical studies and anecdotal reports of therapy experiences provided solid evidence of?

Answer 1

that successful stuttering therapy for adults can be attributed to a combination of behavioral, affective, and cognitive change

Question 2

What are the four “types” of studies that support therapy effectiveness for children?

Answer 2

• variation of fluency shaping
• operant or response-contingent approach
• language based approach
• indirect approach

**in all 4 measures of stuttering frequency composed the main dependent variable

Question 3

What is something that is required of every profession that involves making a diagnosis, prognosis, and/or recommendation for treatment?

Answer 3

-clinician’s experience

Question 4

What is one of the hallmarks of stuttering modification therapy?

Answer 4

it is client-centered, not clinician-centered, and as such is tailored to the individual client.

Question 5

What is the biggest challenge for any clinician who attempts to bring about behavioral change in children & adults for that matter?

Answer 5

to decide what therapy approach has the highest probability of helping the particular client the most

Question 6

What are four facts/elements that are common to all forms of psychotherapy?

Answer 6

• extratherapeutic change
• therapeutic relationship
• expectancy
• technique

Question 7

**(Reviewed this in class) Beyond Technique, what are factors that influence responsiveness to stuttering for Children?

Answer 7

• child strengths
  
  • temperament and personality
  • self perception of control and competence (locus of control)
  • Phonological and language Abilities
• parent strengths
  
  • congruence of cognition & affect
  • ability to shift the parenting perspective
  • therapeutic relationship
• Client education & Preparation
  
  • attending to client’s theory of change
  • family perception of improvement in therapy

-HOPE

Question 8

Although parents want to sometimes “fix” their child, what do we want to encourage the parent to be?

Answer 8

an ally and a facilitator

Question 9

A child who stutters, but possesses a relatively positive attitude about talking, will be more likely to…?

Answer 9

1. maintain interest in therapy
2. be motivated to actively participate in therapy
3. actively seek communicative challenges both in and out of therapy
4. attend therapy consistently over time

Question 10

What should the clinician be sure to do?

Answer 10

-acknowledge, praise, and reinforce the good to parents and clients.

Question 11

There is ample evidence that suggests that children who stutter also have deficits in what?

Answer 11

articulation & phonological delay/disorder

Question 12

it is likely that children who stutter, but have age-appropriate phonology and articulation, will experience what?

Answer 12

-more positive treatment outcomes and will attain it more quickly than those children with coexisting communication problems

Question 13

What is congruence?

Answer 13

comprises of two parts: intellect/cognition & emotion/affect

**we need to try to obtain congruence with parents and clients, it will provide more positive treatment perspectives & outcomes

Question 14

Research shows that techniques themselves are not major agents of change in therapy. What are the major agents of change?

Answer 14

• characteristics of the client, family, and environment
• the therapeutic relationship
• the power of both the client’s and clinician’s expectation of success (hope)