Chapter 1

Question 1

When is the onset of childhood stuttering at it’s highest?

Answer 1

Between the child’s second and fourth birthdays

Question 2

What percentage of children are affected by stuttering?

Answer 2

5% of the population

Question 3

Several recent studies have reported that stuttering usually beings in childhood when?

Answer 3

between 30 and 36 months of age.

Question 4

Do preschooler stop stuttering?

Answer 4

Many do within the first year or two of onset without having received any professional treatment. But, 20-25% or so continue to stutter and if stuttering persists past puberty, it may become a lifelong disability

Question 5

Is it common for children to not stutter during clinical evaluations?

Answer 5

yes, but it is not difficult for experienced clinicians to identify the stutterers.

Question 6

Indicators of early childhood stuttering:

True or false: children who stutter are much more disfluent than nonstuttering children, even though there is extensive overlap in the types of speech disfluencies produced by both groups

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Indicators of early childhood stuttering:

What behaviors are most common for early childhood among those who stutter?

Answer 7

monosyllabic whole and part word repetitions

Question 8

Indicators of early childhood stuttering:

What behavior occurs more frequently with nonstuttering young children?

Answer 8

Single syllable repetitions (but are repeated more than twice only infrequently)

Question 9

Indicators of early childhood stuttering:

True or False: Beginning stuttering is not episodic

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Indicators of early childhood stuttering:

True or False: The longer a child stutter, it is likely that his or her stuttering will become increasingly consistent from one situation to another

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Indicators of early childhood stuttering:

If remission occurs, when will it happen?

Answer 11

At any age but at least half occur within 2 years of stuttering onset.

Early remissions occur more often amount young girls than boys and among those with mild rather than sever stuttering, who will have later remissions.

Question 12

True or false: incidence of stuttering is much higher in some families?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Does stuttering affect more males or females?

Answer 13

Males

Question 14

Are environmental factors needed to be included to account for some onsets?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

Do boys or girls have early remissions of stuttering more so than the opposite sex?

Answer 15

Girls

Question 16

is a child from a family with a history of persistent stuttering more likely to continue to stutter for at least 3 years postonset?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

Is there any evidence that school age children who stutter also have other speech, language, or learning disabilities?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

What is an indication that a child has an increased risk their stuttering will persist for life?

Answer 18

if the disfluencies are accompanied by muscle tension and interruptions or cessation of articulator movement, airflow, and phonation for a year or more.

Question 19

what is SLD?

Answer 19

Stutter like disfluencies

Question 20

What is SLR?

Answer 20

Stutter like repetitions (those having two or more iterations)

Question 21

A substantial number of children who begin stuttering will stop how long after stuttering onset without receiving any professional treatment?

Answer 21

2 years

Question 22

What should be taken into consideration when treatment should begin or not?

Answer 22

1. the extent to which the child’s speech presents a communication disability
2. The distress experienced by the child or family as a result of stuttering
3. the child’s risk of continuing to stutter unless effective prevention is begun.

Question 23

True or false: stuttering is often episodic initially, varying from day to day and varying from one situation to another

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

What are the questions to ask parents regarding the indications of early childhood stuttering?

Answer 24

1. What kinds of speech disruptions are eliciting parents concerns?
2. Have the child’s speech disruptions change, since parents first became concerned?
3. How long have parents been concerned about the child’s fluency?
4. How valid do parents’ concerns about stuttering appear to be?
5. Does the speech disruptions observed place the child at risk for or support the diagnosis of childhood stuttering or some other fluency disorder?
6. Do the type, duration, and prosodic characteristics of the disfluencies observed place the child at risk for or support the diagnosis of childhood stuttering?
7. Do observations of the child’s and parent’s interactions indicate a need for the parents to be trained or counseled?

Question 25

What are some questions to ask that may indicate the need for treatment?

Answer 25

1. Is there a family history of persistent stuttering?
2. are the child’s speech and language abilities age appropriate?
3. Does the stuttering have accompanying secondary behaviors?
4. Does the child react emotionally or express concern about their disfluent speech?

Question 26

What is a major goal during the diagnostic evaluation of early childhood stuttering?

Answer 26

-to observe the kinds of speech problems that parents describe during the parent interview