Chapter 2: Transporting Materials Flashcards
Where do the two circulatory systems from the heart lead?
One takes de-oxygenated blood through the lungs and back to the heart. The other takes the now oxygenated blood to the body.
The two bottom chambers of the heart are called the
Right and left ventricle
The two top chambers of the heart are called the
Right and Left Atrium
What is important to note about a diagram of the heart?
Sides are flipped as if you were looking at someone else’s heart.
What does Pulmonary refer to?
The lungs
What is the only artery which carries de-oxygenated blood?
The Pulmonary artery
Where is the Pulmonary artery located?
Middle Right (Remember diagram is flipped)
Where is Pulmonary vein located?
Furthest Left
What is the Aorta? Where is it located?
Carries oxygenated blood around the body. Middle Left
What is the Vena cava? Where is it located?
Carries de- oxygenated blood back to the heart. Furthest Right.
Why does the heart have more muscle on the left ventricle than on the right?
The Left ventricle needs to be more powerful as it needs to pump blood around the entire body.
What are arteries?
Carry blood away from the heart. Usually are at a high pressure as they have a pulse.
What are veins?
Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. They do not have a pulse, and are at a lower pressure.
What are capillaries?
Tiny blood vessels that link veins and arteries. They have walls only one cell thick so that substances can diffuse in and out of them.
How is a stent put in place?
A collapsed metal mesh is placed around a tiny balloon and lowered into the affected artery. The balloon is then inflated, expanding the mesh and holding the artery open.
What can build up, clogging and artery?
Cholesterol/Fatty deposits.
What are the three components of blood?
Red blood cells, Plasma and White blood cells + platelets.
What is the function of blood plasma?
To fill the arteries/veins and carry substances within the blood.
Why are red blood cells biconcave discs?
To increase their surface area so that diffusion of oxygen is more efficient.
What is haemoglobin?
The substance inside red blood cells which can carry oxygen. It also gives them their red appearance.
What do red blood cells lack?
A nucleus
Why are mineral ions needed in plants?
To build more of the plant through protein synthesis
Why is water needed in plants?
It is an element of photosynthesis, and it fills the permanent vacuoles to create a rigid structure, holding the plant upright.
What are the advantages of artificial blood?
Always available, does not need to be kept refrigerated, no blood type matching is needed.
What are the disadvantages of artificial blood?
It is expensive, it does not carry as much oxygen, some artificial bloods are insoluble, a lot of artificial bloods are broken down by the body.
