Chapter 1: Exchange of materials Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

A

Diffusion relates to the movement of any substance. Osmosis is specifically the movement of water.

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2
Q

What does water do in Osmosis?

A

Moves to dilute a more concentrated solution of a substance

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3
Q

A less concentrated solution is inside a bag with a permeable membrane. Which way will water move?

A

Out of the bag to dilute the more concentrated solution outside of it.

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4
Q

Between which two mediums does osmosis occur in cells?

A

The cytoplasm and the cell membrane.

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5
Q

If a red blood cell was placed in a salt solution, where would water diffuse?

A

Out of the cell to try and dilute the salt solution. The cell would shrivel up.

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6
Q

If a red blood cell was placed in distilled water, where would water diffuse?

A

Into the red blood cell to try and dilute the substance filled contents of the cell. The cell would swell and burst.

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7
Q

Where does water diffuse into in plants?

A

The Permanent Vacuole

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8
Q

Why do plants that do not receive enough water wilt?

A

A protection mechanism that prevents further water loss by reducing surface area.

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9
Q

When does a cell need to use active transport?

A

When it needs to move substances against a concentration gradient.

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10
Q

How does active transport work?

A

A ‘Transport’ Protein has has a hollow in which useful molecules fall into. It then rotates inside the organism and drops the molecule off, before rotating back around.

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11
Q

Why is active transport needed in plant roots?

A

The concentration of Ions in the soil is very low.

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12
Q

Why are the rates of active transport and the rates of respiration closely linked?

A

Because active transport requires a lot of energy to move molecules.

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13
Q

Why do cells become de-hydrated during exercise?

A

Water is lost through sweat, meaning that the concentration of water in the bloodstream lowers. This means that water will diffuse out of cells.

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14
Q

How do sports drinks combat de-hydration?

A

They contain lots of water and mineral ions to restore the amount of water/mineral ions in the blood stream.

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15
Q

Where does gas exchange take place inside the lungs?

A

Inside air sacs called alveoli

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16
Q

What happens inside alveoli?

A

Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide through diffusion

17
Q

What 3 factors create rapid gas exchange inside the lungs?

A

Ventilation (Breathing rate), large surface area and blood flow.

18
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A sheet of muscle below the lungs that contracts to increase pressure in them and relaxes to decrease pressure.

19
Q

What are the muscles between a persons ribs called?

A

Intercostal muscles

20
Q

How is a high concentration gradient maintained in the gut?

A

Good blood flow

21
Q

What is special about the lining of the gut which helps with diffusion?

A

It is folded into many finger like folds called villi. These increase surface area.

22
Q

How is a Villus adapted to aid diffusion?

A

Outer cells have micro villi, only one cell thick wall, large surface area, rich blood supply.

23
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The evaporation of water from a plant leading to more water being taken up through the roots.

24
Q

What factors affect the rate of transpiration?

A

Humidity, Temperature and Windspeed

25
Q

Where is the Transpiration stream?

A

Inside the Xylem

26
Q

How does a plant control the rate of Transpiration?

A

Opens/closes stomata