Chapter 2 Topic 1 Flashcards
Name a few resources that come from the earth
water, wood, food, metals, glass, elements
When did a rapid growth in population occur?
After the industrial revolution near the 2000’s
What we do need to survive (bare bones) what do we need to live in the modern world?
Need food, water, and shelter, now on modern world need phones, cars, computers- therefore we use more reosurces per individual
What technologies have we developed to deal with our basic need of food?
irrigation (bringing water to crops via pumps), tractors(increases efficiency of harvest), fossil fuels(machines like tractors are powered by this), fertilizers (replenish depleted nutrients from crops)
Why are we having a soil shortage and how do we mitigate it?
Soil is being eroded and now we’re taking soil space by buildings, mitigate this by building up to take up less surface area, place solar panels on buildings instead
What is a renewable resource? What is a non renewable resource?
A renewable resource is replenished over short time scales (months/years) a non renewable resource exists on earth in a fixed quantity and is replenished over thousands to millions of years ex: soil and groundwater
Define what a mineral resource is?
are natural concentrations that result from physical and chemical processes active in earths crust
What are the two main type of mineral resources?
Metallic and non metallic
What physical property of minerals does the term metallic describe?
lustre
Name 4 non metallic mineral resources?
Sand, potash, halite, limestone
Name 3 metallic mineral resources?
metallic, copper, hematite
What are some uses for sulfur (non metallic mineral resource)
matches, tires, raid
What are some uses for halite?
rock salt, table salt
What are some uses for diamond?
Rings, industrial blades
What are some uses for gypsum?
drywall, cement
What minerals are used in fertilizer?
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
What are the two minerals commonly use din construction?
Clay and gypsum
What is aggregrate?
mixture of crushed stone, sand, gravel and is often base we use for builds about 50% of our global sand usage.
What is clay used in?
In soils vertisol that expands and absorbs moisture, used in drilling wells, beauty products, toothpaste, ice cream
Why is there sand sold in the black market?
Because there’s a global sand shortage as you need a specific angular type of sand to make concrete
What are some metallic minerals and there uses?
Tin- used in batteries, electronics, fuel tanks
Gold- used in fuel cells
Tungsten
Tantalum
What are abundant metallic minerals, name some
Abundant means they have an excess of .1% by weight in average continental crust, for ex aluminum, iron, magnesium., manganese, titanium
What are scarce metallic minerals name some?
Are less than .1% by weight in average continental crust, ex: copper, lead, zinc, nickel, platinum
Where are scarce metallic minerals found?
Are concentrated in sulfide deposits
What is the defn of a reserve?
Is the portion of an identified resource that can be recovered economically. An ore is a reserve of metallic minerals.
What are the seven major classes of minerals?
Silicates, native elements (scarce), oxides (scarce), sulfides (scarce, used in vehicles), sulfates (scarce), halides, carbonates
What four processes are involved in creating a mineral?
Subsurface processes, surface processes, shallow subsurface/diagentic processes, metor impact/mantle melt
explain what subsurface processes are?
Are igneous processes and metamorphic processes
Explain what surface processes are?
Are weathering and physical/chemical sedimentation
What is diagenesis?
Is what happens when sediment that is deposited gets squeezed and forms new minerals through pressure, temp, and water ppt new minerals.
