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NUR 289 > Chapter 2 Theories and Therapies > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Theories and Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

What is one of the most anxiety provoking activities?

A

Dealing with other people

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2
Q

What do Psych theories help us do?

A

provide plausible explanations for perplexing behavior

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3
Q

Name the 3 parts of consciousness according to Freud

A

Conscious
PreConscious
SubConscious

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4
Q

Explain Conscious Mind

A

TIP OF ICEBERG
Perceptions Memories Thoughts
Fantasies Feelings

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5
Q

Explain PreConscious Mind

A

Just below the surface
Material that can be easily retreived.

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6
Q

Explain UNConscious Mind

A

Unconscious Mind

Repressed memories passions unacceptable urges

Memories and emotions associated with TRAUMA

Needs therapy to retrieve this material

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7
Q

Freud’s Three Major Parts of Personality

A

Id, Ego, Superego

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8
Q

ID

A

Birth

Unconscious

Impulsive

Cannot tolerate frustration.

Cannot problem solve and is illogical

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9
Q

EGO

A

Found in conscious, subconscious, and unconscious awareness.

Problem solver.

Develops with a few years of life.

You have to delay gratification.
If you are hungry - plan how to get food.

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10
Q

SUPEREGO

A

Age 3-5 years

Also found in all 3 levels of awareness.

Moral component

ALL the should NOT’s

If too strong, person will feel inferior and self-critical

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11
Q

What is the purpose of

DEFENSE MECHANISMS?

A

Helps to ward off anxiety by preventing

conscious awareness of

threatening feelings.

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12
Q

Name 2 features of

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

A
  1. Operate on unconscious level (except suppression)
  2. They deny, falsify, distort reality to make it less threatening.
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13
Q

Name some Defense Mechanisms

A

Altruism

Compensation

Conversion

Denial

Displacement

Dissociation

Identification

Intellectualization

Projection

Rationalization

Regression

Repression

Splitting

Sublimatioin

Suppression

Undoing

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14
Q

Oral Stage

Age?

Source of satisfaction?

Primary Conflict

Task?

A

0-1 year

Mouth

Weaning

Mastery of gratification of oral needs

Ego begins 4-5 months

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15
Q

Desired Outcome of Oral Stage

A

Trust in environment

Realization that needs can be met

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16
Q

Fixation at Oral Stage

A

Passivity, gullibility dependence

Sarcasm

Oral habits - smoking, nail biting

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17
Q

Anal Stage

Age?

Source of Satisfaction?

Conflict

Tasks

A

1-3 years

Anal Region - expulsion/retention of feces

Toilet training

Begins self-control over instinct, delayed gratification

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18
Q

Anal Stage

Desired Outcome

A

CONTROL OVER IMPULSES

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19
Q

ANAL STAGE

FIXATION AT

A

Anal retentiveness -

Stingy, rigid, OCD or

Anal expulsive -

Messy, destructive, cruel

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20
Q

PHALLIC STAGE

Age

Source of Satisfaction

Conflict

Task

A

3-6 years (oedipal)

Genitals masturbation

Oedipus and Electra

Identify with parent of same sex

Beginning of superego

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21
Q

Phallic Stage

Desired Outcome

A

Identification with parent of same sex

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22
Q

Phallic Stage

Fixation

A

Reckless, self-assured, and narcissistic person

lack of resolution may result in inability to love and issues with

sexual identity

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23
Q

Latency Stage

Age

NO Source of Satisfaction

NO primary conflict

Tasks

A

6-12 years

growth of EGO -

ability to care and relate to others outside home

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24
Q

Latency Stage

Desired Outcome

A

Development of skills to cope with environment.

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25
Q

Latency Stage

Fixation

A

Difficulty identifying with others

and developing social skills

Sense of inferiority and inadequacy

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26
Q

Genital Stage

Age

Source of Satisfaction

NO primary conflict

Task

A

12 years and beyond

Genitals, sex

Develop satisfying sexual and emotional relationships

emancipation from parents

Planning life goals

personal identity

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27
Q

Genital Stage

Desired Outcome

A

The ability to be creative and find pleasure in love and work.

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28
Q

Genital Stage

Fixation

A

Derails emotional and financial independence

impair personality identity and goals

disrupts ability to form satisfying intimate relationships

29
Q

Name 3 tools of

Classic Psychoanalysis

A

Free association

Dream analysis

defense mechanism recognition (denial, projection, rationalization)

30
Q

Name TWO Concepts

From Classical Psycoanalysis

A

Transference

affectionate or hostile

feelings to healthcare worker

that had originally in childhood for sig other

Countertransference

Feelings a healthcare worker has for patient. Need to be self-aware.

31
Q

PsychoDynamic Therapy

A

Similar tools as original

Short term

for worried well not severe

Here and now, not past

More interaction between both

32
Q

Freud and nursing process

A

understanding of childhood and personality development

use ofConscious and Unconscious mind concept to understand root causes of suffering

Attentive listening.

33
Q

Who developed

INTERPERSONALY THERAPY

A

Harry Stack Sullivan

1892-1942 USA

Humans are driven by the need for interaction

34
Q

What emotion did Harry Stack Sullivan believe was the most painful condition?

A

Lonliness

35
Q

H S Sullivan believed what relationship was the most crucial for personality development?

A

The early relationship with significant other.

36
Q

H S Sullivan said the purpose of all behavior was to get NEEDS met through _______ to reduce _______

A

H S Sullivan said the purpose of all behavior was to get needs met through Interpersonal interactions_______ to reduce anxiety.

37
Q

How did H S Sullivan define

ANXIETY?

A

any painful feeling or emotion. that comes from social insecurity or prevents biological needs from being satisfied.

38
Q

H S Sullivan’s

Security Operations

means?

A

Security Operations

are the measures that people use to reduce ANXIETY and to increase

SECURITY.

These make up the self-system.

39
Q

How long does Interpersonal Therapy Last?

A

Short term

40
Q

What THREE type of problems that respond well to

INTERPERSONAL THERAPY?

A
  1. grief and loss
  2. interpersonal disputes
  3. role transition

major depressive disorder

41
Q

Who developed the first systematic framework for psych nursing

and established the foundation for professional practice of psych nursing?

A

Hildegard Peplau 1909-1999

Interpersonal Relations in Nursing 1952

Influenced by H S Sullivan

42
Q

Name 2 things that Peplau was the first to do?

A

identified psych nursing as essential to nursing and as a speciality of nursing.

Described the nurse- patient relationship as foundation of nursing practice

what nurses do WITH patients.

43
Q

Peplau’s Nursing Theory

A

how nurse helps patients to make positive changes in health

Illness offers opportunity for personal growth can coping strategies

Self-awareness to keep focus on patient

observe the patient and themselves

44
Q

Peplau’s most universal contribution to psych nursing

A

application of H S Sullivan’s theory of anxiety

interventions to lower anxiety

lower anxiety and you improve the patient’s ability to think and function

45
Q

Patricia Benner

A

Caring as foundation for nursing

bearing witness to suffering

46
Q

Dorothea Orem

A

Goal of self-care as integral to nursing

esp working with seriously mentally ill patients.

47
Q

Sister Calista Roy

A

Continual need to adapt physically, psychologically, and socially -

Nurse assisting patients to adapt so they can cope.

48
Q

Betty Neuman

A

Impact of internal and external stressors on equilibrium of the system -

nurse helps patients to use stress reducing strategies

49
Q

Joyce Travelbee

A

meaning in the nurse patient relationship

importance of communications

affirming suffering and alleviating it through communication skills

50
Q

What is Behavior Theory

A

If behavior changes, personality changes

uses the process of conditioning

pairing a behavior with a condition that reinforces or diminishes the behavior.

51
Q

What is classical conditioning theory and who invented it?

A

Ivan Pavlov 1928

Involuntary not spontaneous choices

bell food salivation

52
Q

Who developed Behavorism?

A

John B. Watson 1919

personality traits learned through classical conditioning

control the environment and you can train anyone to do anything

53
Q

Who began OPERANT CONDITIONING THEORY?

A

B.F. Skinner 1987

Voluntary behavior is rewarded through reinforcement which makes the behavior occur more frequently.

Positive and Negative reinforcement

Punishment

no reinforcement is extinction. tell a joke no one laughs, stop telling jokes

54
Q

What is BEHAVIORAL THERAPY?

A

Directed at specific problems

Do not need to know why to change it.

55
Q

what problems can BEHAVIORAL THERAPY Help the MOST

A

phobias, ETOH, schizophrenia, etc

56
Q

Name FIVE TYPES of behavior Therapy

A

Modeling, operant conditioning

exposure and response prevention, aversion therapy, and biofeedback.

57
Q

Behavioral Therapy

Modeling

A

therapist provides a role model for specific behavior and the patient learns through imitation

58
Q

Behavioral Therapy

Operant conditioning

A

behavior modification with positive reinforcement

autistic and mentally disabled

severe and persistent mental illness

59
Q

Behavioral Therapy

Exposure therapy

A

For people who have anxiety due to fears, phobias, or traumatic memories.

60
Q

Behavioral Therapy

Aversion Therapy

A

ETOH, paraphilic disorders, shop lifiting, aggressive behavior, aggressive, self-mutilation.

nail bitting - bitter substances on anils

controversial

61
Q

Behavioral Therapy

Biofeedback

A

can relax muscles and reduce pain

62
Q

Implications of behavioral therapy and nursing

A

Token economies - positive reinforcement

smoking cessation =- reducing cues to smoke

63
Q

What is COGNITIVE THEORY?

Name 2 main ones

A

Thoughts come before feelings and actions

Rational-Emotive. and Cognitive Behavior Theory

64
Q

Cognitive Theory

Rational-Emotive Theory

A

Albert Ellis 1955

ABC

Activating event, beliers, emotional consequences

Negative thinking. half full or half empty

cant change past change how we are now

65
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

A

Aaron Beck 1979

CBT

active, directive, time limited structured

Depression anxiety phobias, and pain

66
Q

Who is Hildegard Peplau?

A

mother of psychiatric nursing

framework is her book Interpersonal Relations in Nursing

established the foundation for professional practice of psych nursing

first nurse identify psych nursing as essential to gen nursing and as a specialty

First nursing theorist to describe patient nursing relationships as the foundation of nursing practice

Not do to patients but WITH patients

nurses are participants and observers

sullivan’s theory of anxiety and its application to perception and learning

67
Q

Peplau More

A

1909-1999

Rutgers 20 years

interview techniques grad education importance

summer workshops in state hospitals

68
Q

Peplau’s Phases

A

Pre Orientation - prior to meeting. self-awareness

Orientation - rapport, formal and informal contract mutual

problem solving, genuineness

Working Phase - gather date facilitate change, goals

Termination phase - final summarize goals objectives, exchange memories, incorporate into daily living.

NUR 289 (13 decks)

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