Chapter 1 Mental Health and Mental Illness Flashcards
What is the WHO’s definition of HEALTH?
A state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease of infirmity.
Is overall health possible without good mental health?
No,
There is a strong relationship between physical health and mental health.
Poor physical health can lead to mental distress and disorders
Poor mental health can lead to physical problems.
Define Mental. Health (WHO)
Mental health is a state of well-being in which
individuals reach their own potential,
cope with the normal stresses of life,
work productively, and
contribute to the community.
Name attributes of mental health
Rational thinking
Effective coping
Resiliency
Self-control
Self-awareness
Developmentally on task
Spiritual satisfaction
Happiness and joy
Self-care
Positive self-concept (self-esteem)
Learning and productivity
Effective communication
Meaningful relationships
What is mental illness?
All psychiatric disorders that have a DEFINABLE diagnoses.
May be related to developmental, biological, or psychological disturbances in mental functioning.
Decreased ability to think - Alzheimer’s
Altered emotions - depressive disorders
Behavioral alterations - schizophrenia
What percentage of Americans have mental illness?
What percentage of Americans have a serious mental illness?
What group of American have the highest level of mental illness?
21 percent. 1 in 5
5.2% schizophrenia, major depressive, bipolar
Young adults 18-25 years old.
What is the mental health continuum?
Mental health - adequate to high level functioning, no serious impairments
Mild Mental illness - insomnia, lack of concentration, loss of appetite. Temporary. May seek help. Examples - mild depression, generalized anxiety disorder, ADD.
Mental illness - altered thinking, mood, and behavior. Depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, Chronic, long term.
Name 3 things that contribute to mental health and well-being
- Environmental factors -access to basic needs, culture.
- Individual attributes and behaviors - inborn and learned.
- Social and economic circumstances - family, school, peers
Mental health and well-being
Individual attributes and behaviors
Individual attributes and behaviors
Inborn and learned.
ability to respond to social cues and participate socially
Biological and genetic - prenatal
Genetic - mental illness in family
Resilience - ability and capacity for people to secure resources they need to support their well-being
Mental health and well-being
Social and Economic factors
The family -tremendous effect. confidence and coping skills
school and peer groups
socioeconomic dicates resources for mental health and reduces concern for baskic needs
Education - more career satisfaction
Mental health and well-being
Environmental factors
Access to basic needs and commodities
Political climate and culture - reimbursement for mental health
What does the culture define as acceptable in mental health - ie anorexia, amok
What is the Brief resilient coping scale?
- I look for creative ways to alter difficult situations
- Regardless of what happens I can control my reaction
- I believe I can grow in positive ways dealing with difficult situations
- I actively look for ways to replace the losses in life
Score 1-5. 5 - describes me well
20= high resilient copers
Mental illness vs Physical illness
Explain the STIGMA of mental illness.
Mental refers to the brain, even tho it is PHYSICAL.
Psychiatric disorders are not ALL in the head and are not under personal control.
Causes the STIGMA of mental illness.
Superstition and MENTAL ILLNESS
Superstition was used to explain mental illness. - Previously seizures were caused by curses.
Are their specific BIOLOGICAL tests to dx most mental illness?
No
but can see some altered function/structure with schizophrenia, OCD, anxiety and depression.
What is RESILIENCE?
RESILIENCE is the ability and capacity for people to secure the resources they need to support their well-being.
It does not mean you are NOT affected by stressors, but you can regulate your emotions and not focus on self-defeating, negative thoughts.
GERM THEORY OF DISEASE
HOW DID IT explain MENTAL ILLNESS?
.
A specific agent, germ caused mental illness.
ThHen they found there is no MANIA GERM.
PSYCHOLOGICAL theories focus on the science of the mind and behavior and explained mental illness as ________psychological processes that could be corrected by increasing personal insight and understanding.
FAULTY
What year did the psychological focus on mental illness change and why?
1952 with the use of THORAZINE
What is the diathesis-stress model?
Diathesis - biological predisposition
Stress - environmental stress of trauma
explains mental illness
Nature Plus Nurture
kids with family history of depression, more likely to develop depression.
What is meant by RECOVERY
Even people with serious mental health issues can recover. Movie A Beautiful Mind
a change to a Consumer- focused process
“a process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness,
live a self-directed life, and
strive to reach their full potential.”
What are the 10 guiding principles of recovery?
Recovery -
emerges from hope
is person driven
occurs through many pathways
is holistic
is supported by peers and allies
is supported through relationships and social networks
is culturally based and influenced
is supported by addressing trauma
involves individuals, family, and community strengths and responsibitly
is based on respect
What is the DECADE OF THE BRAIN?
George W. Bush
1990-2000. public awareness of neuroscience and brain research
Two main parts of Surgeon General’s 1999 report on mental health
- Mental health is fundamental to overall health
- There are effective treatments for Mental Health
What is the Human Genome Project?
13 years - 1990-2003
strengthened biological and genetic explanations for mental illness
2003 New Freedom Commission on Mental Health
call for streamlining mental health care
early dx and tx
QSEN
quality and
safety in
education for
nursing
Patient centered care
teamwork collaboration
EVP
quality improvement
Safety
Informatics
What is BRAIN?
2013
Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies
uncover new treatments
MENTAL HEALTH PARITY ACT of 1996
WELLSTONE-DOMENICI PARITY ACT of 2008 more than 50 employees
Mental health covered same as other health conditions
ACA of 2010
Patient protection and AFFORDABLE CARE ACT
expanded medicaid
age 26 coverage
short term plans do not apply to this
Epidemiology and mental health
quantitative
study of distribution of mental disorders
helps to id high risk groups and risk factors
What is the leading cause of disability worldwide?
Major Depressive Disorder
300 million people
What is comorbidity in mental health?
Having two or more mental illnesses.
ie schizophrenia and diabetes (meds side effects)
Incidence vs Prevalence
Incidence - the risk of getting the disease. number of new cases, usually annually - ie opiod use in pregnancy
Measures new cases of disease and is expressed in person/time units.
Prevalence - number of cases, new and existing in a specific time period regardless of when they got ill. 8 year olds with autism. Measure of existing cases of disease and epressed as a proprotion.
Common cold (acute) has a high incidence and a low prevalence
Diabetes (chronic) has a low incidence and a high prevalence. - because long term
Lifetime Risk Data
Higher than prevalence or incidence
46% of Americans will met this for a psychiatric disorder in their lifetime.
over the age of 85 -50% Alzhneimer’s
What is CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
looks at health and illness at the population level
looks at how often physical and mental illness occur together
ie depression and CV disease
premature death w breast cancer
What are the 2 major disease classification systems
**DSM-5
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th edition. Most common.
ICD-10-CM International classification of Disease - 10th revision - Clinical modification
DSM-5
Published by APA 1952
latest is 2013.
1578 disorders
Based on
Clinical field trials
disorders based on specific criteria
classifies disorders, not people
What is psychiatric- mental health nursing?
Nursing speciality dedicated to promoting mental health through assessment, dx, and tx of behavior problems, mental disorders, comorbid conditions across the life span. ANA
PROMOTING MENTAL HEALTH through assessment, dx, and. tx of human responses to mental health problems and psychiatric disorders. APNA ISPN
People in crisis and people in long-term. Dual-dx, homeless, families forensic, abusive situations.
Phenomena of Concern
list of human experiences and responses for psych nurses
promotion of optimal mental health and physical wellbeing
social inclusion
2 Psych nurses education levels
Basic PMH-RN Psychiatric mental health RN 2 years experience, 2000 hours clinical 30 hours of CE - then may take the exam and be RN- BC Board certified
Advanced Practice CNS clinical nurse specialist old.
Now PMH-APRN (Psychiatric Mental Health Advanced practice registered nurse). MSN or DNP in psych nursing
RDoC
Research Domain Criteria Initiative
seeks causes for mental illness at the molecular level.
