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NUR 289 > Chapter 1 Mental Health and Mental Illness > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Mental Health and Mental Illness Flashcards

1
Q

What is the WHO’s definition of HEALTH?

A

A state of complete

physical, mental, and social well-being and

not merely the absence of disease of infirmity.

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2
Q

Is overall health possible without good mental health?

A

No,
There is a strong relationship between physical health and mental health.
Poor physical health can lead to mental distress and disorders
Poor mental health can lead to physical problems.

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3
Q

Define Mental. Health (WHO)

A

Mental health is a state of well-being in which

individuals reach their own potential,

cope with the normal stresses of life,

work productively, and

contribute to the community.

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4
Q

Name attributes of mental health

A

Rational thinking
Effective coping
Resiliency
Self-control
Self-awareness
Developmentally on task
Spiritual satisfaction
Happiness and joy
Self-care
Positive self-concept (self-esteem)
Learning and productivity
Effective communication
Meaningful relationships

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5
Q

What is mental illness?

A

All psychiatric disorders that have a DEFINABLE diagnoses.
May be related to developmental, biological, or psychological disturbances in mental functioning.

Decreased ability to think - Alzheimer’s
Altered emotions - depressive disorders
Behavioral alterations - schizophrenia

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6
Q

What percentage of Americans have mental illness?
What percentage of Americans have a serious mental illness?
What group of American have the highest level of mental illness?

A

21 percent. 1 in 5

5.2% schizophrenia, major depressive, bipolar

Young adults 18-25 years old.

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7
Q

What is the mental health continuum?

A

Mental health - adequate to high level functioning, no serious impairments

Mild Mental illness - insomnia, lack of concentration, loss of appetite. Temporary. May seek help. Examples - mild depression, generalized anxiety disorder, ADD.

Mental illness - altered thinking, mood, and behavior. Depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, Chronic, long term.

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8
Q

Name 3 things that contribute to mental health and well-being

A
  1. Environmental factors -access to basic needs, culture.
  2. Individual attributes and behaviors - inborn and learned.
  3. Social and economic circumstances - family, school, peers
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9
Q

Mental health and well-being

Individual attributes and behaviors

A

Individual attributes and behaviors
Inborn and learned.
ability to respond to social cues and participate socially
Biological and genetic - prenatal
Genetic - mental illness in family
Resilience - ability and capacity for people to secure resources they need to support their well-being

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10
Q

Mental health and well-being

Social and Economic factors

A

The family -tremendous effect. confidence and coping skills
school and peer groups
socioeconomic dicates resources for mental health and reduces concern for baskic needs
Education - more career satisfaction

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11
Q

Mental health and well-being

Environmental factors

A

Access to basic needs and commodities
Political climate and culture - reimbursement for mental health
What does the culture define as acceptable in mental health - ie anorexia, amok

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12
Q

What is the Brief resilient coping scale?

A
  1. I look for creative ways to alter difficult situations
  2. Regardless of what happens I can control my reaction
  3. I believe I can grow in positive ways dealing with difficult situations
  4. I actively look for ways to replace the losses in life

Score 1-5. 5 - describes me well
20= high resilient copers

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13
Q

Mental illness vs Physical illness
Explain the STIGMA of mental illness.

A

Mental refers to the brain, even tho it is PHYSICAL.
Psychiatric disorders are not ALL in the head and are not under personal control.
Causes the STIGMA of mental illness.

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14
Q

Superstition and MENTAL ILLNESS

A

Superstition was used to explain mental illness. - Previously seizures were caused by curses.

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15
Q

Are their specific BIOLOGICAL tests to dx most mental illness?

A

No
but can see some altered function/structure with schizophrenia, OCD, anxiety and depression.

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16
Q

What is RESILIENCE?

A

RESILIENCE is the ability and capacity for people to secure the resources they need to support their well-being.

It does not mean you are NOT affected by stressors, but you can regulate your emotions and not focus on self-defeating, negative thoughts.

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17
Q

GERM THEORY OF DISEASE

HOW DID IT explain MENTAL ILLNESS?
.

A

A specific agent, germ caused mental illness.

ThHen they found there is no MANIA GERM.

18
Q

PSYCHOLOGICAL theories focus on the science of the mind and behavior and explained mental illness as ________psychological processes that could be corrected by increasing personal insight and understanding.

A

FAULTY

19
Q

What year did the psychological focus on mental illness change and why?

A

1952 with the use of THORAZINE

20
Q

What is the diathesis-stress model?

A

Diathesis - biological predisposition
Stress - environmental stress of trauma
explains mental illness

Nature Plus Nurture

kids with family history of depression, more likely to develop depression.

21
Q

What is meant by RECOVERY

A

Even people with serious mental health issues can recover. Movie A Beautiful Mind

a change to a Consumer- focused process

“a process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness,

live a self-directed life, and

strive to reach their full potential.”

22
Q

What are the 10 guiding principles of recovery?

A

Recovery -
emerges from hope
is person driven
occurs through many pathways
is holistic
is supported by peers and allies
is supported through relationships and social networks
is culturally based and influenced
is supported by addressing trauma
involves individuals, family, and community strengths and responsibitly
is based on respect

23
Q

What is the DECADE OF THE BRAIN?

A

George W. Bush
1990-2000. public awareness of neuroscience and brain research

24
Q

Two main parts of Surgeon General’s 1999 report on mental health

A
  1. Mental health is fundamental to overall health
  2. There are effective treatments for Mental Health
25
Q

What is the Human Genome Project?

A

13 years - 1990-2003
strengthened biological and genetic explanations for mental illness

26
Q

2003 New Freedom Commission on Mental Health

A

call for streamlining mental health care
early dx and tx

27
Q

QSEN

A

quality and

safety in

education for

nursing

Patient centered care
teamwork collaboration
EVP
quality improvement
Safety
Informatics

28
Q

What is BRAIN?

A

2013

Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies

uncover new treatments

29
Q

MENTAL HEALTH PARITY ACT of 1996
WELLSTONE-DOMENICI PARITY ACT of 2008 more than 50 employees

A

Mental health covered same as other health conditions

30
Q

ACA of 2010

A

Patient protection and AFFORDABLE CARE ACT

expanded medicaid
age 26 coverage
short term plans do not apply to this

31
Q

Epidemiology and mental health

A

quantitative

study of distribution of mental disorders

helps to id high risk groups and risk factors

32
Q

What is the leading cause of disability worldwide?

A

Major Depressive Disorder
300 million people

33
Q

What is comorbidity in mental health?

A

Having two or more mental illnesses.
ie schizophrenia and diabetes (meds side effects)

34
Q

Incidence vs Prevalence

A

Incidence - the risk of getting the disease. number of new cases, usually annually - ie opiod use in pregnancy

Measures new cases of disease and is expressed in person/time units.

Prevalence - number of cases, new and existing in a specific time period regardless of when they got ill. 8 year olds with autism. Measure of existing cases of disease and epressed as a proprotion.

Common cold (acute) has a high incidence and a low prevalence

Diabetes (chronic) has a low incidence and a high prevalence. - because long term

35
Q

Lifetime Risk Data

A

Higher than prevalence or incidence

46% of Americans will met this for a psychiatric disorder in their lifetime.

over the age of 85 -50% Alzhneimer’s

36
Q

What is CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

looks at health and illness at the population level

looks at how often physical and mental illness occur together

ie depression and CV disease

premature death w breast cancer

37
Q

What are the 2 major disease classification systems

A

**DSM-5

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th edition. Most common.

ICD-10-CM International classification of Disease - 10th revision - Clinical modification

38
Q

DSM-5

A

Published by APA 1952
latest is 2013.

1578 disorders

Based on
Clinical field trials
disorders based on specific criteria
classifies disorders, not people

39
Q

What is psychiatric- mental health nursing?

A

Nursing speciality dedicated to promoting mental health through assessment, dx, and tx of behavior problems, mental disorders, comorbid conditions across the life span. ANA

PROMOTING MENTAL HEALTH through assessment, dx, and. tx of human responses to mental health problems and psychiatric disorders. APNA ISPN

People in crisis and people in long-term. Dual-dx, homeless, families forensic, abusive situations.

40
Q

Phenomena of Concern

A

list of human experiences and responses for psych nurses

promotion of optimal mental health and physical wellbeing
social inclusion

41
Q

2 Psych nurses education levels

A

Basic PMH-RN Psychiatric mental health RN 2 years experience, 2000 hours clinical 30 hours of CE - then may take the exam and be RN- BC Board certified

Advanced Practice CNS clinical nurse specialist old.

Now PMH-APRN (Psychiatric Mental Health Advanced practice registered nurse). MSN or DNP in psych nursing

42
Q

RDoC

A

Research Domain Criteria Initiative
seeks causes for mental illness at the molecular level.

NUR 289 (13 decks)

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