Chapter 2-The Thirteen Original Colonies Flashcards
Who exposed false doctrines of the Roman church and had the entire Bible translated into English for the first time, and was called the “Morning Star of the Reformation”?
John Wycliffe
Who translated the Word of God into the English language and gave England the first printed English Bible in the 16th century?
William Tyndale
What English king broke England’s ties with the Roman church in the 1530s?
Henry VIII
By the time of what English queen did the English people had access to the Bible in their own language as never before?
Queen Elizabeth I
Since Anglo-Saxon times, English rulers and their subjects had been developing a form of _______________ under the rule of the law.
Limited representative government
What did King John sign in 1215, also called the Great Charter, which helped to prepared England for limited government?
Magna Carta
The development of the British _______________ in the 1200s paved the way for more representative government.
Parliament
Who was the Italian navigator sailing for England who became the first explorer in the Modern Age to set foot on the mainland of North America in 1497?
John Cabot
When did John Cabot explore the eastern coast of North America from Labrador to Virginia, becoming the first explorer in the Modern Age to set foot on the mainland of North America?
1497
What did John Cabot name the lands that he explored, which gave England her first and only solid claim to territory in the New World?
“New-found-land” (Newfoundland)
What explorer did Queen Elizabeth send in 1576 in search of the “Northwest Passage,” the supposed water route through North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific?
Sir Martin Frobisher
What did Queen Elizabeth send Sir Martin Frobisher in 1576, in search of the __________________ the supposed water route through North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
Northwest Passage
Who embarked on a three-year voyage in 1577 on his ship, the “Golden Hind,” that was to make him the first Englishman to sail around the world?
Sir Francis Drake
On his three-year voyage around the world, Sir Francis Drake claimed the Pacific coast as far as California for England, calling it:
Nova Albion
What were those who opposed the official Church of England who were frowned upon and often persecuted called?
Dissenters
What were the two largest groups of dissenters (those who opposed the official church) in England called?
Catholics
Puritans
What was the group of people called in England who withdrew from the Church of England and formed their own churches?
Separatists
When practices that went against the English constitution, the rulers at the time justified their drive for absolute authority by claiming the:
“Divine right of kings”
What is the process called where increasing the amount of capital (or wealth) in circulation, driving the price of goods ever higher?
Inflation
What happened when the demand for wool increased, and landholders began to evict tenant farmers and enclose their fields with fences or hedges in order to raise sheep, leaving thousands of peasant farmers without land to farm or a place to live?
Enclosure movement
The Enclosure Movement led to ______________, which forced many honest but unfortunate Englishman into debtor’s prison, where they were held until they could pay their debts.
Unemployment
What two men left England in 1578 with a fleet of ships bound for the New World, but bad weather forced them back?
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
Sir Walter Raleigh explored North Carolina, and named the territory _______________ for Queen Elizabeth, known as the “Virgin Queen.”
Virginia
Who did Raleigh send in 1587 with a party of over 100 settlers to establish a settlement on Chesapeake Bay, but instead, they settled at Roanoke?
John White
Raleigh sent John White in 1587 to establish a settlement on Chesapeake Bay, but instead, they settled at:
Roanoke
Who was John White’s daughter’s child, who was born at Roanoke, making this child the first English child born in the present-day United States?
Virginia Dare
In what kind of company, which was a forerunner of the modern corporation, where several businessmen invested stock in a single company to support a colonizing venture?
Joint-stock company
What company was to settle in southern Virginia?
London Company
What company was to settle in northern Virginia?
Plymouth Company
In what year did a fleet of three ships establish a settlement they called Jamestown?
1607
What settlement was established in 1607 and became the first permanent English settlement in the New World?
Jamestown
What system was Jamestown’s biggest problem where each man was required to place the fruit of his labor in a common storehouse, and each was entitled to receive food and supplies from the storehouse according to his needs?
Common-store system
Who took charge of Jamestown and the common-store system in 1608 and saved it from destruction, establishing a policy based on the biblical principle that any who would not work should not eat?
Captain John Smith
What was the winter of 1609-1610 called, where the hungry settlers of Jamestown were forced to eat dogs, horses, and even rats and mice?
“Starving time”
Who was one of the most famous Virginia settlers who married the Indian princess Pocahontas?
John Rolfe
What Indian princess did John Rolfe marry, who was the daughter of the powerful chieftain Powhatan?
Pocahontas
Who was the powerful Indian chieftain whose daughter, Pocahontas, married John Rolfe?
Powhatan
John Rolfe taught the Virginia colonists how to grow ______________, a crop used by the American Indians.
Tobacco
What was a person whose passage to America was paid by an established colonist, and in return the person worked for his benefactor without pay for an agreed-upon period of time, usually four to seven years, called?
Indentured servant
Recognizing the failure of communal living, Jamestown adopted a system of ______________. Under this system, individuals are free to make a living and prosper on their own enterprise.
Private enterprise
What kind of colony did Virginia become in 1624, making it a colony owned and controlled directly by the king and administered by his royal governors?
Royal colony
What are happenings that serve as examples to be followed in the future which helped shape our nation into a strong democratic republic?
Precedents
In what year did the people of various districts of Virginia send delegates to a representative assembly in Jamestown?
1619
What were the delegates that Virginia sent to a representative government assembly in Jamestown in 1619 called?
Burgesses
The House of Burgesses set an important example for ______________ in early America.
Representative government
Who did the frontiersmen in western Virginia in 1676 appeal to for protection against the Indians, expecting him to send military force, but he failed to respond?
Governor Berkeley
Who was the wealthy young plantation owner who offered to lead a volunteer militia against the Indians, insisting that frontiersmen were entitled to the same protection as established colonists in Jamestown, but Governor Berkeley rejected his offer, but he did it anyway?
Nathaniel Bacon
What was the new name that the Plymouth Company reorganized under in 1620 after an unsuccessful attempt to found a colony in present-day Maine?
Council for New England
Who opposed religious freedom because he believed that those who questioned his religious authority were implicitly questioning his political authority?
James I
What did the Separatists believe strongly in, that was the theory of church government which says that every body of believers should be independent and self-governing?
Congretionalism
A certain Separatist group organized an independent church in Scrooby, England, in 1606, under the leadership of:
Pastor John Robinson
To what Dutch city did Pastor John Robinson lead a Separatist group in 1609 of about 300, where they enjoyed religious freedom and economic success?
Leyden
Who were the courageous people who left all to build a new life in the North American wilderness and to evangelize the native inhabitants?
Pilgrims
What English Puritan nobleman did the Pilgrims enlist the aid of to make arrangements for their voyage to the New World?
Sir Edwin Sandys
What was the group of English businessmen called who agreed to finance the expedition in exchange for a share in the Pilgrim’s profits during the first seven years?
Adventurers
What was the ship that the Pilgrims hired in Holland to carry a small portion of the Leyden congregation to the New World, but was later abandoned because of springing leaks?
Speedwell
In what ship were the recruits secured by the Adventurers traveling to the New a World in?
Mayflower
What did the Separatists call the non-separatists who were other passengers aboard the Mayflower?
“Strangers”
On November 11, the Pilgrims maneuvered the Mayflower into what harbor?
Cape Cod
What did 41 men gather up and sign in the cabin of the ship before the Pilgrims went ashore?
Mayflower Compact
On December 21 in what year did the Pilgrims finally step ashore at New Plymouth?
1620
On December 21, 1620, the Pilgrims finally stepped ashore at a place they called:
New Plymouth
Who was one particular Indian who helped the Pilgrim’s situation gradually improve, and knew English because he had visited England?
Squanto
Who was the Elder who served for many years as the Pilgrims’ pastor?
Brewster
Who had the Pilgrims elected to be their first governor before coming ashore?
John Carver
Who took John Carver’s place as the Pilgrims’ governor in 1621?
William Bradford
Bradford, the Pilgrims’ governor, wrote what book that became the first American history book?
History of Plymouth Plantation
What kind of colony would Plymouth remain as until 1691, when it was absorbed by the larger Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Self-governing colony
What was the democratic legislative body in Plymouth called that met periodically to pass laws, carry out provisions of the law, and judge cases and controversies?
General Court
Who was one of the most influential and famous members of the Plymouth colony, non-Seperatist, and served as commander-in-chief of the Pilgrims’ military defense force?
Miles Standish
Who was the non-Separatist, influential and famous member of the Plymouth colony who held various political offices in the colony?
John Alden
Who was John Alden’s wife who also held various political offices in the colony and was also non-separatist?
Priscilla Alden
Which English king in 1629 vowed torque without Parliament?
Charles I
What company did Charles I issue a charter for the formation of in 1629, which was a joint-stock company composed primarily of Puritan businessmen?
Massachusetts Bay Company
Who was chosen to be governor of the new colony sailing to Massachusetts in March 1630?
John Winthrop
In what year in March did Puritans, a fleet of 11 ships carrying a total of 700 passengers sail for Massachusetts?
1630
By the fall of 1630, after arriving in Massachusetts, the Puritans had established what town, among several others?
Boston
What kind of churches were the Puritan churches in Massachusetts where each congregation governed itself, but each local body had to conform to specified standards and beliefs in order to remain in good standing?
Congregational
What was an important part of the Puritan heritage that was the belief that work is a gift from God and a way to glorify Him?
Puritan work ethic
What were later descendants of the early New England Puritans called, which was a term that referred to their hard work, industry, and keen business sense?
“Yankees”
Who was the best-known of the Connecticut pioneers who was a graduate of Cambridge University who came to Massachusetts during the “Great Migration” and assumed the pastorate of the Puritan church in Newton?
Thomas Hooker
In 1639, the people of Connecticut met at Hartford and adopted what which was considered to be the first written constitution in America?
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Who came to Massachusetts in 1631, not as a true Puritan, but as a separate congregationalist, spent time with friendly Indians, and founded a settlement he called Providence, and was banished from Massachusetts for believing that true Christianity comes not by force but from a willing acceptance of God’s Word?
Roger Williams
What settlement did Roger Williams found in the spring of 1636, and named it from the “sense of God’s merciful providence unto me in my distress”?
Providence
What book did Roger Williams publish in 1643, which analyzed the language of the Indians but also served as a textbook on how to evangelize them?
Key into the Language of America
Who was banished shortly after Rodger Williams was banished from Massachusetts who was “a woman of ready wit and bold spirit,” and was banished for disagreeing with the Puritan authorities on matters of religion?
Anne Hutchinson
What group of people went to Rhode Island, who played such a large role in the establishment of Rhode Island and its system of government, that in 1789 George Washington referred to it as pretty much theirs?
Baptists
In the 1620s, Captain John Mason took what settlement while Sir Fernando Gorges took Maine?
New Hampshire
In the 1620s, Sir Fernando Gorges took what settlement, while Captain John Mason to New Hampshire?
Maine
After what war did the confederation seem less necessary, and bickering among the member colonies create problems, dissolving the New England Confederation in 1684, but it set an important precedent for voluntary union of the colonies?
King Philip’s War
Who did King James appoint to be Royal Governor over the Dominion of New England?
Sir Edmund Andros
What colonies did the English found beginning with Maryland in 1623, where these colonies were based on land grants made by the king to individual proprietors or owners?
Proprietary colonies
Who did King Charles I grant a large territory north of the Potomac River in 1632, making this man the first Lord Baltimore?
George Calvert
What did George Calvert name his colony, and was in honor of his queen Henrietta Maria?
Maryland
Who was the son of George Calvert, was the second Lord Baltimore, and carried out the project if colonization?
Cecilius Calvert
What settlement was established in 1634 when the first two shiploads of settlers arrived in Maryland, and was on the shores of Chesapeake Bay?
St. Mary’s
Who was the younger brother of Cecilius Calvert, “Lord Baltimore,” who became the first governor of the colony of St. Mary’s?
Leonard Calvert
What act did Maryland pass in 1649 which granted freedom of worship to anyone “professing to believe in Jesus Christ,” and was passed because the Catholics of Maryland feared they might lose religious freedom in their on colony?
Toleration Act
What plan was the political system based upon which would have divided land and political power among settlers on the basis of an elaborate social order?
Grand Model
In the north, a settlement of poorer people from Virginia frontier, joined by a few Quakers, developed around:
Albemarle Sound
In the south, colonists of various backgrounds and religious faiths established the settlement of:
Charles Town
The differences between the northern and southern Carolina settlements were too great, and in 1712, the land grant was officially divided into the separate colonies of:
North Carolina and South Carolina
Who was the English sea captain who explored the Hudson and Delaware river valleys in 1609 for the Dutch East India Company?
Henry Hudson
For what company did Henry Hudson explore the Hudson and Delaware river valleys in 1609?
Dutch East India Company
What company had obtained rights to colonize the Hudson and Delaware river valleys (explored by Henry Hudson) and develop trade in 1621?
Dutch West India Company
After the Dutch West India Company had obtained rights to colonize the Hudson and Delaware river valleys and develop trade, trading settlements soon arose at what two places?
Fort Orange and New Amsterdam
Who was acting as agent for the Dutch West India Company, and purchased Manhattan Island from the Indians for trading goods worth about $24.00?
Peter Minuit
Together, Fort Orange, New Amsterdam, and other Dutch settlements that grew up along the Hudson and Delaware rivers made up what colony?
New Netherland
In 1638, a small band of Swedish colonists sailed up the Delaware Bay and built a fort near the mouth of the Delaware River and called it what in Honor of the young queen of Sweden?
Fort Christina
What was the first successful settlement in Delaware?
New Sweden
New Sweden was the first successful settlement in where?
Delaware
The Dutch West India Company would grant large tracts of land along a navigable River to what individuals who would in return transport 50 people to the New World to settle on his land?
Patroons
To who did King Charles II grant New Netherland to in 1664, who was his brother?
Duke of York
What did King Charles II rename New Netherland in honor of its new proprietor?
New York
Who was the Dutch governor with a wooden leg who wanted to attack New Amsterdam and insisted on putting up a fight, but the townspeople saw the cause was hopeless and refused to support him?
Peter Stuyvesant
What was the Duke of York’s new name when he inherited the British throne and became king, making his colony, New York, a royal colony?
James II
To what two noblemen did the Duke of York give the Dutch colony to in 1664, when the Duke of York took possession of it?
Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley
When the Duke of York gave the Ditch colony to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley in 1664, they named it what after the island of Jersey in the English Channel?
New Jersey
What was the 17th-century religious group, also known as Quakers, in England who separated themselves from the Church of England because they disagreed with its doctrine and practice and believed that each man should follow his “inner light” worshiping God from the heart?
Society of Friends
What was the Society of Friends also called?
Quakers
Who was son of a wealthy and prestigious Englishman inherited the land of Pennsylvania in 1681 because King Charles II owed his father a large debt?
William Penn
What land did King Charles II give to William Penn in 1681 and insist that it be name this in honor of Penn’s father?
Pennsylvania
What city did William Penn found in 1682 when he arrived with a large number of colonists, and is also called the “city of brotherly love,” and became an important trading center and the largest city in the colonies?
Philadelphia
What were the German settlers and their descendants who settled in Pennsylvania called because the English settlers were not careful in their pronunciation of “Deutsch”?
Pennsylvania Dutch
What was the last of the thirteen colonies to be settled and was settled much later than its predecessors, and was not settled for profit but as a benevolent undertaking?
Georgia
Who was the wealthy and influential Englishman known for his benevolent spirit who had the idea of of founding Georgia as a charitable experiment?
James Oglethorpe
Oglethorpe and the first settlers arrived in Georgia in 1733 and founded:
Savannah
In what year did Oglethorpe and the first settlers arrive in Georgia and found Savannah?
1733
