Chapter 2-The Thirteen Original Colonies Flashcards
Who exposed false doctrines of the Roman church and had the entire Bible translated into English for the first time, and was called the “Morning Star of the Reformation”?
John Wycliffe
Who translated the Word of God into the English language and gave England the first printed English Bible in the 16th century?
William Tyndale
What English king broke England’s ties with the Roman church in the 1530s?
Henry VIII
By the time of what English queen did the English people had access to the Bible in their own language as never before?
Queen Elizabeth I
Since Anglo-Saxon times, English rulers and their subjects had been developing a form of _______________ under the rule of the law.
Limited representative government
What did King John sign in 1215, also called the Great Charter, which helped to prepared England for limited government?
Magna Carta
The development of the British _______________ in the 1200s paved the way for more representative government.
Parliament
Who was the Italian navigator sailing for England who became the first explorer in the Modern Age to set foot on the mainland of North America in 1497?
John Cabot
When did John Cabot explore the eastern coast of North America from Labrador to Virginia, becoming the first explorer in the Modern Age to set foot on the mainland of North America?
1497
What did John Cabot name the lands that he explored, which gave England her first and only solid claim to territory in the New World?
“New-found-land” (Newfoundland)
What explorer did Queen Elizabeth send in 1576 in search of the “Northwest Passage,” the supposed water route through North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific?
Sir Martin Frobisher
What did Queen Elizabeth send Sir Martin Frobisher in 1576, in search of the __________________ the supposed water route through North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
Northwest Passage
Who embarked on a three-year voyage in 1577 on his ship, the “Golden Hind,” that was to make him the first Englishman to sail around the world?
Sir Francis Drake
On his three-year voyage around the world, Sir Francis Drake claimed the Pacific coast as far as California for England, calling it:
Nova Albion
What were those who opposed the official Church of England who were frowned upon and often persecuted called?
Dissenters
What were the two largest groups of dissenters (those who opposed the official church) in England called?
Catholics
Puritans
What was the group of people called in England who withdrew from the Church of England and formed their own churches?
Separatists
When practices that went against the English constitution, the rulers at the time justified their drive for absolute authority by claiming the:
“Divine right of kings”
What is the process called where increasing the amount of capital (or wealth) in circulation, driving the price of goods ever higher?
Inflation
What happened when the demand for wool increased, and landholders began to evict tenant farmers and enclose their fields with fences or hedges in order to raise sheep, leaving thousands of peasant farmers without land to farm or a place to live?
Enclosure movement
The Enclosure Movement led to ______________, which forced many honest but unfortunate Englishman into debtor’s prison, where they were held until they could pay their debts.
Unemployment
What two men left England in 1578 with a fleet of ships bound for the New World, but bad weather forced them back?
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
Sir Walter Raleigh explored North Carolina, and named the territory _______________ for Queen Elizabeth, known as the “Virgin Queen.”
Virginia
Who did Raleigh send in 1587 with a party of over 100 settlers to establish a settlement on Chesapeake Bay, but instead, they settled at Roanoke?
John White
Raleigh sent John White in 1587 to establish a settlement on Chesapeake Bay, but instead, they settled at:
Roanoke
Who was John White’s daughter’s child, who was born at Roanoke, making this child the first English child born in the present-day United States?
Virginia Dare
In what kind of company, which was a forerunner of the modern corporation, where several businessmen invested stock in a single company to support a colonizing venture?
Joint-stock company
What company was to settle in southern Virginia?
London Company
What company was to settle in northern Virginia?
Plymouth Company
In what year did a fleet of three ships establish a settlement they called Jamestown?
1607
What settlement was established in 1607 and became the first permanent English settlement in the New World?
Jamestown
What system was Jamestown’s biggest problem where each man was required to place the fruit of his labor in a common storehouse, and each was entitled to receive food and supplies from the storehouse according to his needs?
Common-store system
Who took charge of Jamestown and the common-store system in 1608 and saved it from destruction, establishing a policy based on the biblical principle that any who would not work should not eat?
Captain John Smith
What was the winter of 1609-1610 called, where the hungry settlers of Jamestown were forced to eat dogs, horses, and even rats and mice?
“Starving time”
Who was one of the most famous Virginia settlers who married the Indian princess Pocahontas?
John Rolfe
What Indian princess did John Rolfe marry, who was the daughter of the powerful chieftain Powhatan?
Pocahontas
Who was the powerful Indian chieftain whose daughter, Pocahontas, married John Rolfe?
Powhatan
John Rolfe taught the Virginia colonists how to grow ______________, a crop used by the American Indians.
Tobacco
What was a person whose passage to America was paid by an established colonist, and in return the person worked for his benefactor without pay for an agreed-upon period of time, usually four to seven years, called?
Indentured servant
Recognizing the failure of communal living, Jamestown adopted a system of ______________. Under this system, individuals are free to make a living and prosper on their own enterprise.
Private enterprise
What kind of colony did Virginia become in 1624, making it a colony owned and controlled directly by the king and administered by his royal governors?
Royal colony
What are happenings that serve as examples to be followed in the future which helped shape our nation into a strong democratic republic?
Precedents
In what year did the people of various districts of Virginia send delegates to a representative assembly in Jamestown?
1619
What were the delegates that Virginia sent to a representative government assembly in Jamestown in 1619 called?
Burgesses
The House of Burgesses set an important example for ______________ in early America.
Representative government
Who did the frontiersmen in western Virginia in 1676 appeal to for protection against the Indians, expecting him to send military force, but he failed to respond?
Governor Berkeley
Who was the wealthy young plantation owner who offered to lead a volunteer militia against the Indians, insisting that frontiersmen were entitled to the same protection as established colonists in Jamestown, but Governor Berkeley rejected his offer, but he did it anyway?
Nathaniel Bacon
What was the new name that the Plymouth Company reorganized under in 1620 after an unsuccessful attempt to found a colony in present-day Maine?
Council for New England
Who opposed religious freedom because he believed that those who questioned his religious authority were implicitly questioning his political authority?
James I
What did the Separatists believe strongly in, that was the theory of church government which says that every body of believers should be independent and self-governing?
Congretionalism
A certain Separatist group organized an independent church in Scrooby, England, in 1606, under the leadership of:
Pastor John Robinson
