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United States History > Chapter 1-Discovery and Exploration > Flashcards

Chapter 1-Discovery and Exploration Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the Viking adventurer from Scandinavia who landed in North America around A.D. 1000?

A

Leif Ericson

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2
Q

Around A.D. 1400, five Iroquois tribes joined to form the _______________, which the tribes called the Tree of Peace.

A

Iroquois League of Five Nations

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3
Q

What were the three most advanced civilizations to develop in the Western Hemisphere before it’s discovery?

A

Mayas and Aztecs (Mexico)

Incas (Peru)

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4
Q

What system dominated the Middle Ages where the kingdoms consisted of large tracts of land called manners which were ruled by lords and these lords divided their manners into small plots of land, where search the woodwork and share their produce with the lord of the manor?

A

Feudalism

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5
Q

Between A.D. 1000 and A.D. 1300, Roman popes influenced European kings and noblemen to lead a series of ____________________ to drive the Muslims from the Holy Land and reconquer it for Christendom.

A

Crusades

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6
Q

Between A.D. 1000 and A.D. 1300, Roman popes influenced European kings and noblemen to lead a series of crusades to drive the ________________ from the Holy Land and reconquer it for Christendom.

A

Muslims

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7
Q

What was the only successful crusade where the Catholics of the Iberian Peninsula drove the Moors from the region of Granada in southern Spain?

A

Reconquista

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8
Q

The Reconquista’s purpose was to drive out the _______________ from Granada in southern Spain.

A

Moors

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9
Q

The crusade called the Reconquista drove out the Moors from the region of _____________ in southern Spain.

A

Granada

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10
Q

What new social class arose in Europe as trade with the Orient increased, and was a class of merchants, traders, craftsmen, and me of other professions who were neither extremely rich nor extremely poor?

A

Middle class

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11
Q

What were the four greatest nations to emerge in Western Europe?

A

England
France
Spain
Portugal

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12
Q

What would prompt kings to sponsor expeditions to conquer new lands and would inspire explorers to seek new wealth, honor, and glory for their sovereign rulers and their homelands?

A

Nationalism

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13
Q

The Renaissance in Europe led to advances in the science of _________________ at sea with more accurate maps and improved rudders for the steering of ships.

A

Navigation

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14
Q

What was perhaps the most important invention during the Renaissance?

A

Movable-type printing press

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15
Q

Who was the German printer who introduced the movable-type printing press in Europe in about 1440?

A

Johann Gutenberg

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16
Q

When did Johann Gutenberg introduce the movable-type printing press in Europe?

A

1440

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17
Q

When did Martin Luther nail the Ninety-five theses to the church door in Wittenburg, Germany, beginning the Reformation?

A

1517

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18
Q

Who began the Reformation in 1517 by protesting false doctrines of the Roman Catholic church by nailing his Ninety-five Theses to the church door in Wittenburg, Germany?

A

Martin Luther

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19
Q

Who was the Protestant reformer who would have an important influence on the people who would colonize North America?

A

John Calvin

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20
Q

What were the people who were influenced by John Calvin called?

A

Hueguenots (France)
Dutch Reformed (Holland)
Presbyterians (Scotland)
Puritans (England)

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21
Q

Who founded a navigation school, employed expert mapmakers, built an observatory to study the position of the sun and stars, and designed a new kind of ship, the caravel, to sail against the wind?

A

Prince Henry the Navigator

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22
Q

By 1488, who had reached the Cape of Good a Hope at the southern tip of Africa?

A

Bartholomew Diaz

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23
Q

Who sailed all the way around Africa to India, opening a new all-water route to the East?

A

Vasco de Gama

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24
Q

Who discovered America, but thought it was India?

A

Christopher Columbus

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25
Q

Who did Columbus approach in 1486 in Spain to support his voyage to the “Indies”?

A

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

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26
Q

In what year did Christopher Columbus’s men spot land?

A

1492

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27
Q

In 1492, Columbus and his men landed on an island in the Bahamas, which Columbus named:

A

San Salvador

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28
Q

Who was the Italian who was the first to realize that Columbus had discovered a new continent?

A

Amerigo Vespucci

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29
Q

In 1507, a German map maker suggested that the new land Columbus discovered be named ________________, in Amerigo Vespucci’s honor.

A

America

30
Q

Who drew the imaginary Line of Demarcation in 1493, to end the rivalry between Spain and Portugal over the ownership of the land?

A

Pope Alexander VI

31
Q

In 1493, Pope Alexander VI drew an imaginary _________________, to end the rivalry between Spain and Portugal over the ownership of the land.

A

Line of Demarcation

32
Q

Who landed on the coast of Brazil in 1500, on the Portuguese side of the Line of Demarcation, and claimed that land for Portugal?

A

Pedro Cabral

33
Q

Following the early explorers, the ________________ came west with great armies of Spanish soldiers to conquer the Indians.

A

Conquistadors

34
Q

Who was the conqueror and governor of Puerto Rico, who embarked on a search for a fabled fountain of youth in 1513, and made the first Spanish landing on the mainland of North America, calling it Florida?

A

Ponce de León

35
Q

Who discovered the Pacific Ocean in 1513?

A

Vasco de Balboa

36
Q

Who was the Portuguese sailor employed by the Spanish in 1519, and embarked on an epic three-year voyage around the world?

A

Ferdinand Magellan

37
Q

Who conquered the Aztecs of Mexico in 1521?

A

Hernando Cortés

38
Q

Who was the leader of the Aztecs who had developed a remarkably advanced civilization when Hernando Cortés conquered them?

A

Montezuma

39
Q

Who conquered the Incas of Peru in 1533?

A

Francisco Pizarro

40
Q

Who discovered and explored southern Texas and parts of New Mexico and Arizona between 1528 and 1563?

A

Cabeza de Vaca

41
Q

Who embarked on a futile search for the legendary “Seven Cities of Cíbola,” and in doing so explored southwestern United States, and one party of his men discovering the Grand Canyon?

A

Francisco Coronado

42
Q

Who explored what is today the southeastern United States, and discovered the Mississippi River in 1541?

A

Hernando de Soto

43
Q

Who was the the Portuguese explorer employed by the Spanish who explored the coast of California?

A

Juan Cabrillo

44
Q

What was the first permanent European settlement in the present-day United States?

A

St. Augustine

45
Q

What is the oldest road in the United States that was first traveled in 1581?

A

El Camino Real

46
Q

What served as the capital of the Spanish settlement in the American Southwest, and was founded in 1610?

A

Santa Fe

47
Q

What was the first European settlement in California?

A

San Diego

48
Q

Who was the Spanish leader who probably controlled more if the earth’s surface than any other man in history?

A

Philip II

49
Q

Under what Protestant queen did England begin to threaten the flow of wealth from the New World to Spain between the 1500s?

A

Queen Elizabeth I

50
Q

Who interfered with Spanish trade by smuggling English goods into Spanish colonies in America?

A

Sir John Hawkins

51
Q

Who attacked Spanish ships bound for Spain from the New World and stole their precious cargoes of gold and silver?

A

Sir Francis Drake

52
Q

With what did the Roman church respond to the Protestant Reformation to crush Protestantism and to bring as many souls as possible back into the Catholic fold?

A

Counter-Reformation

53
Q

In what year did Philip II assemble the “Invincible Armada” to defeat the English Navy, and of course, did not succeed?

A

1588

54
Q

What fleet did Philip II assemble in 1588 to fight the English Navy?

A

Invincible Armada

55
Q

What was the supposed water route through North America to the Pacific that the first French explorers came to the New World in search of?

A

Northwest Passage

56
Q

Who was the Italian who explored the eastern coast of North America for France from North Carolina to Nova Scotia, Canada?

A

Giovanni de Verrazano

57
Q

Who led an expedition that discovered the St. Lawrence River?

A

Jacques Cartier

58
Q

What group of people established Charlesfort on the coast of South Carolina and Fort Caroline on the coast of Florida in the 1560s?

A

Huguenots

59
Q

In what year was the first permanent French settlement in the New World established at Quebec by Samuel de Champlain?

A

1608

60
Q

Where was the first permanent French settlement in the New World established in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain?

A

Quebec

61
Q

Who was the “Father of New France” who established the first permanent French settlement in the New World at Quebec in 1608?

A

Samuel de Champlain

62
Q

What two men led an expedition on 1673 which explored the central Mississippi River?

A

Marquette

Joliet

63
Q

Who claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France and named it “Louisiana” in honor of King Louis XIV of France?

A

Robert Cavalier de la Salle

64
Q

What did Robert Cavalier de la Salle name the entire Mississippi Valley for France?

A

Louisiana

65
Q

The French claimed Canada, the Great Lakes region, and the Mississippi Valley as ________________, and built forts throughout this area.

A

“New France”

66
Q

What were the French traders who paddled their canoes to scattered Indian villages, where they traded tools, clothing, utensils, blankets, and trinkets for the pelts of wild animals called?

A

Voyageurs

67
Q

What group of Indians did not become allies with the French because Champlain joined two other tribes in attacks on them, and would side with the British in later conflicts?

A

Iroquois

68
Q

What two tribes of Indians did Champlain join in attacks on the Iroquois of upper New York?

A

Algonquins

Hurons

69
Q

What city in Louisiana was founded in 1718, and is probably the best-known city of French heritage in America?

A

New Orleans

70
Q

Who was the trader and trapper who was probably the best known Frenchman of African descent in New France?

A

Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable

United States History (2 decks)

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