Chapter 2 - The Nature Of Tudor Rebellions Flashcards
Objectives, duration and location
What are the 3 types of objectives of a Tudor rebellion?
- Dynastic - aim is to overthrow a monarch.
- Anti- government demonstrations - aim is to oppose a government policy in hope of the government removing it.
- Anti-English colonialism- Irish rebels aim to remove English administration.
Which rebellions in Henry VII’s reign had a dynastic objective to remove the monarch?
Henry VII:
1. 1486 - Lovell and Stafford brothers aimed to remove Henry to restore the Yorkist throne
2. 1486-87 - Simnel was a pretender of the earl of Warwick, and aimed to remove Henry and restore the Yorkist throne
3. 1491-97 - Warbeck was a pretender of Richard Duke of York, and aimed to remove Henry and restore the Yorkist throne.
No rebellions with a dynastic objective in Henry VIII’s and Edward IV’s reign - why?
Which rebellions had a dynastic objective of removing the monarch in Mary I’s reign?
- 1553 - Northumberland aimed to place Lady Jane Grey on the throne and prevent Mary succeeding Edward IV
- 1554 - Wyatt - as Thomas Wyatt couldn’t expect Mary I to not marry Philip of Spain simply due to his opposition, there is a chance that he was plotting to place Elizabeth I on the throne.
Which rebellions under Elizabeth’s reign had a dynastic objective to remove her from the monarch?
- 1569-70 - northern earls - planned to release Mary Queen of Scots from house arrest, marry her to the Duke of Norfolk and then either force Elizabeth to abdicate or recognise Mary as heir presumptive.
- 1601 - Essex may have had an aim of removing elizabeth from the throne (as he advocated for the replacing councillors with Scottish monarch sympathising councillors, as he supported James VI being Elizabeth’s heir), however this is unlikely, as he had more of an aim of increasing his political influence at court.
Anti-government demonstrations:
Which rebellions under Henry VII’s reign have a anti-government policy objective?
- 1489 - Yorkshire - people opposed the tax of £100,000 to fund the war for France
- 1497 - Cornish - people opposed the tax of £60,000 to fund the war for Scotland
Which rebellion under Henry VIII’s reign had an anti government policy objective?
- 1525 - Amicable Grant - people resented Cardinal Wosley’s tax since 1513, which they simply couldn’t afford.
- 1536 - Pilgrimage of Grace - people opposed the Protestant reforms and wanted to restore catholic practises e.g. holy days, papal relics etc.
Which rebellions had an anti-government policy objective under Edward IV’s reign?
- 1549 - western - opposed the Duke of Somerset’s subsidy act of 1549 (a tax which intended to raise as much money as possible given the poor economy) and the encouragement of farmers giving their land to tillage (agriculture).
- 1549 - kett - opposed enclosures *
Which rebellions under Elizabeth I’s reign had an anti-government objective?
- 1569-70 - the northern earls - opposed the 1559 act of uniformity, which implemented Protestant reforms and
- 1596 - Oxfordshire - opposed enclosures
Anti-English colonialism (Irish rebellions)
No Irish rebellions under Henry VIII - why?
Which Irish rebellions under Henry VIII had an anti-English colonialism objective?
- 1534 - Kildare/Silken Thomas -
No Irish rebellions under Edward IV and Mary I - why?
Which Irish rebellions had a cause of anti-English colonialism under Elizabeth I?
- 1558-67 - Shane O’Neill
- 1569-73 - Munster
- 1579-83 - Geraldine
- 1595-1603 - Tyrone
Duration
How long did the rebellions last in Henry VII’s reign?
- Lovell and Stafford - 2 months
- Simnel - 1 year
- Yorkshire - almost 1 month
- Warbeck - 9 years
- Cornish - 3 months
How long did rebellions last in Henry VIII’s reign?
- Amicable grant - 2-3 months
- Silken Thomas - 3 years
- Pilgrimage of grace - 5 months
How long did rebellions last in Edward IV’s reign?
- Western - 4 months
- Kett - almost 2 months
How long did rebellions last in Mary I’s reign?
- Northumberland - 15 days
- Wyatt - 18 days
How long did rebellions last in Elizabeth I’s reign?
- Shane O’Neil - 8 years
- Northern earls - 3 months
- Munster - 4 years
- Geraldine - 4 years
- Tyrone - 9 years
- Oxfordshire - 4 hours
- Essex - 12 hours
Location
Is there a pattern between the location and duration of rebellions?
- Typically, the Irish rebellions are longer lasting, as the English had a firm determination to colonise Ireland e.g.
- Shorter lasting rebellions are usually located closer to the central government/london e.g.
Leadership
What are the 5 different types of leaders in Tudor rebellions?
Royal claimants
Nobility and gentry
Clergy
Lawyers
Commoners
Which 3 rebellions were led by a royal claimant?
- 1486 - Simnel pretended to be the earl of Warwick (one of Richard’s nephews) as well as being supported by one of Richard’s actual nephews the Earl of Lincoln.
- 1491 - Warbeck claimed to be the Duke of York
- 1553 - Duke of Northumberland tried to place lady Jane grey on the throne
Leadership - nobility and gentry
Which Irish rebellions had noble leaders and how did they help?
Earl of Kildare (Silken Thomas, 1534), earl of Desmond (Munster -1569), Earl of Tyrone (Tyrone - 1595)
Helped by mobilising a large support base
Leadership - nobility and gentry
Which rebellions were led by nobles opposing the monarch?
- 1486 Lovel and Stafford was led by Lovel
- 1497 Cornish was led by lord audley
- 1601 essex led the rebellion himself
What are 2 examples of rebellions where the rebels wanted a noble leader to become a more legitimate cause?
- 1497 - Cornish - Cornish rebels waned lord audley to lead, because his father was treasurer of England in Richard III’s reign and didn’t trust the Lancastrian king Henry VII.
- 1536 - pilgrimage of grace - rebels besieged pontefract castle to get Lord Darcy to lead the pilgrimage.
What are examples of rebellions led by the gentry?
- 1489 - Yorkshire - sir John egremont led the anti-tax/government rebellion
- 1436 - pilgrimage if grace - many county gentry led the rebellions e.g. sheriff of Lincoln, sir Edward bowes etc
- 1549 - western - sir Humphrey arundell
- 1554 - thomas wyatt was a courtier
Which 2 rebellions were led by the clergy and why was it rare for the clergy to lead a rebellion?
- 1536 - pilgrimage of Grace - abbots of Kirkstead, Furness and Barkingside and vicars of Louth, Brayton and Brough led and supported Lincolnshire and pilgrimage rebellions
- 1549 - western - St. Clare and St. Uny travelled to Exeter to support the Cornish rising.
Lawyers
Commoners
Leadership qualities
