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Bio. Sci 1: General Botany > Chapter 2: The Nature of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Nature of Life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A living matter that shows certain attributes like responsiveness, growth, metabolism, energy, transformation, and reproduction.

A

Life (Sagan, Margulis, & Sagan, 2023)

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2
Q

Two Views of Philosophies on
the Origin of Life

A
  1. Vitalistic View
  2. Mechanistic View
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3
Q

explains life originated from a mysterious force.

A

Vitalistic View

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4
Q

explains life originated from the many physical and chemical reactions that occurred in the early times.

A

Mechanistic View

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5
Q

Theories on the Origin of Life

A
  1. Theory of Divine Creation
  2. Interplanetary Theory
  3. Cosmozoa Theory
  4. Theory of Spontaneous Generation or Abiogenesis Theory
  5. Biotic or Biogenesis Theory
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6
Q

states that life was created by God.

A

Theory of Divine Creation

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7
Q

states that life came from other planets.

A

Interplanetary Theory

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8
Q

states that life came from outer space.

A

Cosmozoa Theory

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9
Q

states that life could be produced from non-living matter like maggots from decaying meats.

A

Theory of Spontaneous Generation or Abiogenesis Theory

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10
Q

states that life came from pre-existing life.

A

Biotic or Biogenesis Theory

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11
Q

The Chemical and Biological Bases of Life:

A

• Simple Molecules
• Simple Organic Compounds
• Complex Organic Compounds
• Nucleoprotein Evolution
• Proto-viruses, early cells
• Development of photosynthesis, aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• Oxygen revolution

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12
Q

is anything that has life, consisting of cells as its basic unit of organization

A

Living Organism (Williams, Friedl, & Cena, 2021)

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13
Q

Functional Characteristics of Living Organisms:

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Self-perpetuation
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14
Q

Simple molecules:

A

Water, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, hydrogen

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15
Q

Simple organic compounds:

A

Monosaccharides, glycerin, fatty acids, amino acids, pyrimidines, purines

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16
Q

Complex organic compounds:

A

Polysaccharides, fats and lipids, nucleotide, nucleic acid

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17
Q

Nucleoprotein evolution:

A

Reproduction, mutation, evolution, nutrition, aggregation

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18
Q

Proto-viruses, early cells:

A

Synthesis, growth, development, internal control

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19
Q

the sum of biochemical reactions within the living organisms.

A

Metabolism

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20
Q

under self-perpetuation are:

A

a. steady state control
b. reproduction
c. adaptation

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21
Q

It permits the organism to receive information within itself and the external environment through stimuli and to act on this information in self-preserving manner in the form of responses.

A

Steady state control

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22
Q

ability to replicate oneself, producing one’s own kind.

A

Reproduction

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23
Q

ability to adapt to the conditions of the environment.

A

Adaptation

24
Q

Attributes of life:

A
  1. Growth
  2. Reproduction
  3. Irritability or responsiveness to stimuli
  4. Metabolism or power of assimilation
  5. Movement
  6. Complexity of organization
  7. Adaptation to the environment
25
Q

described as an “increase in volume” which results from the production of new protoplasm with some variations in form being inherited and others resulting from the responses to environment.

A

Growth

26
Q

Forms of growth:

A
  1. Intussusception
  2. Accretion
27
Q

Forms of growth:

A
  1. Intussusception
  2. Accretion
28
Q

resulting from growth of protoplasm.

A

Intussusception

29
Q

resulting from growth of protoplasm.

A

Intussusception

30
Q

what is protoplasm?

A

Growth of organic compounds inside a cell

31
Q

what is protoplasm?

A

Growth of organic compounds inside a cell

32
Q

resulting from growth of external materials accumulated outside resulting to increase in volume.

A

Accretion

33
Q

ability to replicate oneself, producing one’s own kind.

A

Reproduction

34
Q

ability to respond to certain conditions and various stimuli in their environment.

A

Irritability or responsiveness to stimuli

35
Q

Irritability includes:

A

a. Phototropism
b. Thigmotropism
c. Geotropism/Gravitropism
d. Chemotropism
e. Hydrotropism
f. Heliotropism

36
Q

Irritability includes:

A

a. Phototropism
b. Thigmotropism
c. Geotropism/Gravitropism
d. Chemotropism
e. Hydrotropism
f. Heliotropism

37
Q

response to light

A

Phototropism

38
Q

response to touch

A

Thigmotropism

39
Q

response to gravity

A

Geotropism/Gravitropism

40
Q

response to chemicals

A

Chemotropism

41
Q

response to water

A

Hydrotropism

42
Q

response to the sun

A

Heliotropism

43
Q

Metabolism or Power of Assimilation occurs for the:

A

a. Reproduction of new protoplasm
b. Repair of damaged parts
c. The normal maintenance.

44
Q

types of metabolism:

A
  1. Anabolism
  2. Catabolism
45
Q

building up process, like nutrition and synthesis.

A

Anabolism

46
Q

breaking down process, like digestion, cellular respiration.

A

Catabolism

47
Q

Important biochemical reactions or metabolic activities:

A

a. Cellular respiration
b. Photosynthesis
c. Digestion
d. Assimilation

48
Q

energy-releasing process in all organisms.

A

Cellular respiration

49
Q

energy-harnessing process in green plants.

A

Photosynthesis

50
Q

conversion of larger molecules to smaller ones.

A

Digestion

51
Q

conversion of raw materials into protoplasm and other substances.

A

Assimilation

52
Q

conversion of raw materials into protoplasm and other substances.

A

Assimilation

53
Q

the ability to move, either stationary or through locomotion.

A

Movement

54
Q

the complexity of the organization of cells and tissues found in living organisms.

A

Complexity of organization

55
Q

ability to adapt to the conditions of the environment by:
a. Natural selection
b. Exhibiting homeostatic response to conditions of environment.
c. Changing through mutation

A

Adaptation to the environment

Bio. Sci 1: General Botany (3 decks)

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