Chapter 1: Science and the Scientific Method

Question 1

is an organized body of knowledge that is gained and verified by exact observation and experimentation and organized by logical thinking (Frings and Frings, 1970).

Answer 1

Science

Question 2

is a perpetual search for an intelligent and integrated comprehension of the world we live in (Cornelius Bernardus Van Niel)

Answer 2

Science

Question 3

How do we justify scientific knowledge?

Answer 3

Through a series of experimentation and supporting
references

Question 4

a process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation

Answer 4

Scientific Method

Question 5

way of thinking that is more empirical

Answer 5

Scientific Thinking

Question 6

way of thinking that is more logical

Answer 6

Critical Thinking

Question 7

Central Components of Scientific and Critical Thinking

Answer 7

1. Using empirical evidence (empiricism)
2. Practicing logical reasoning (rationalism)
3. Possessing skeptical attitude (skepticism)

Question 8

Fields of Science

Answer 8

• Social Sciences
• Natural Sciences

Question 9

studies human relationship

Answer 9

Social Sciences

Question 10

examples of social sciences:

Answer 10

• Sociology
• History
• Political Science
• Economics

Question 11

studies physical and biological science

Answer 11

Natural Sciences

Question 12

studies non-living things

Answer 12

Physical Sciences

Question 13

examples of physical sciences

Answer 13

• Chemistry
• Physics
• Geology
• Astronomy

Question 14

studies living things

Answer 14

Biological Sciences

Question 15

examples of biological sciences

Answer 15

• Zoology
• Botany

Question 16

science of animal’s life

Answer 16

Zoology

Question 17

science of plant’s life

Answer 17

Botany

Question 18

The Scientific Method

Answer 18

1. Observation/question
2. Research topic area
3. Hypothesis
4. Test with experiment
5. Analyze data
6. Report conclusions