Chapter 2 : The Metric System

Question 1

Historically, length was determined in terms of what?

Answer 1

Hands and feet

Question 2

The English system of measurement originated in ____ with the signing of the ____ ____ which tried to bring uniform measurements to world trade

Answer 2

1215: magna carta

Question 3

Define: English system

Answer 3

a nondecimal system of measurement without any basic unit for length, mass, or volume
used primarily in the British empire

Question 4

In ___, the French government appointed a committee of scientists to try to figure out if they could come up with a universal measuring system. the system they created took __ years to create and accept and was called the ____ _____

Answer 4

1790; 10; metric system

Question 5

Define: metric system

Answer 5

A decimal system of measurement using prefixes and a basic unit to express physical quantities such as length, mass and volume
It offers simplicity

Question 6

Give two reasons the metric system is simple and easy to understand

Answer 6

1. it uses a single basic unit for what is being measured (meter, gram, liter)
2. it uses prefixes to signify the basic unit getting bigger or smaller

Question 7

The metric system is also sometimes called the ______ ____ __ ______. It is similar to the metric system but more comprehensive

Answer 7

International system of measurement

Question 8

Define: unit equation

Answer 8

a statement that relates two values that are equivalent

Question 9

Define: exact equivalent

Answer 9

a statement that relates two values that are exactly equal

Question 10

Define: unit factor

Answer 10

a ratio of two quantities that are equivalent and can be applied to convert from one unit to another

Question 11

Define: reciprocal

Answer 11

the relationship between a fraction and its inverse

Question 12

Define: unit analysis method

Answer 12

also called dimensional analysis or factor-label method; a systematic procedure for solving problems that converts the units in a given value to the units in the answer

Question 13

What are the three unit analysis method steps

Answer 13

1. read 2. analyze 3. write

Question 14

Define: percent

Answer 14

(%) an expression for the amount of a single quantity compared to an entire sample; expressed in a ratio

Question 15

volume = ?

Answer 15

(length)(width)(height)

must express each measurement in the same unit before calculating volume
volume is cubic

Question 16

what is volume by displacement

Answer 16

volume can be indirectly determined of an irregular shaped object by measuring the amount of water it displaces

Question 17

Define: density

Answer 17

(d) expresses the concentration of mass

greater concentration = greater density

Question 18

density = ?

Answer 18

mass/volume

Question 19

an object that ___ in water is estimated to have a density greater than 1 g/mL

Answer 19

sinks

Question 20

an object that ___ in water is estimated to have a density less than 1 g/mL

Answer 20

floats

Question 21

Define: specific gravity

Answer 21

the ratio of the density of a liquid compared to the density of water at four degrees Celsius
a unit-less expression

Question 22

what is temperature determined by?

Answer 22

temperature is determined by how fast the molecules are moving
as molecules move faster, temperature increases
as molecules move slower, temperature decreases

Question 23

Define: temperature

Answer 23

average kinetic energy of individual particles in motion

Question 24

Who invented the mercury thermometer in 1724?

Answer 24

German physicist. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit

Question 25

Define: Fahrenheit degree

Answer 25

a basic unto of temperature in the English system

Question 26

Who proposed the Celsius scale in 1742?

Answer 26

Swedish astronomer, Anders Celsius

Question 27

Who came up with Kelvin

Answer 27

English aastronomer, William Thompson

A.K.A lord kelvin

Question 28

Define: Kelvin unit

Answer 28

(K) the basic unit of temperature in the SI system

Question 29

convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

Answer 29

(F-32)(5/9)

Question 30

convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 30

((C)(9/5))+32

Question 31

convert Celsius to kelvin

Answer 31

C+273

Question 32

convert Kelvin to Celsius

Answer 32

K-273

Question 33

Define: heat

Answer 33

the flow of energy from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature

Question 34

heat is a measure of _____ energy while temperature is a measure of ______ energy

Answer 34

total; average

Question 35

Define: calorie

Answer 35

(cal) the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree on the Celsius scale

Question 36

Define: specific heat

Answer 36

amount of heat required to raise the temperature f 1 gram of substance 1 degree celsius