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Introductory Chemistry > Chapter 1 : Introduction to Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 1 : Introduction to Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four Greek Elements?

A

Fire, Water, Earth. Air

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2
Q

What are the four properties associated with the Greek elements?

A

Hot, Dry, Wet, Cold

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3
Q

Define: Science

A

Methodical exploration of nature followed by a logical explanation of the observation.

To practice science you need to plan an investigation, record observations, gather data, and analyze the results.

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4
Q

Define: Experiment

A

Exploring nature in controlled conditions. Executed

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5
Q

Define: Scientific Method

A

A systematic investigation that involves performing an experiment, proposing a hypothesis, and stating a theory or law that explains a scientific principal

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6
Q

Define: Hypothesis

A

An initial, tentative proposal of a scientific principal that attempts to explain the meaning of a set of data collected in an experiment.
A hypothesis may be rejected, modified, or accepted and elevated to be called a scientific principal

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7
Q

Define: Theory

A

An extensively tested proposal of a scientific principal that explains the behavior of nature

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8
Q

Define: Natural Law

A

States a measurable relationship, does not explain behavior

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9
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method

A
  1. Perform a planned experiment, make observations, and record data
  2. Analyze the data and propose a tentative hypothesis to explain the experimental observations
  3. Conduct additional experiments to test the hypothesis. If the evidence supports the initial proposal, the hypothesis may become a scientific theory
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10
Q

According to the greek philosopher Thales in 600 BC what single element composed earth, air, and space?

A

water

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11
Q

According to ancient Chinese beliefs, what two forces were responsible for bringing the earthly world into existence?

A

Yin (feminine) and Yang (masculine)

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12
Q

According to the greek philosopher Aristotle in 350 BC what five basic element composed everything in nature?

A

Air, Water, Fire, Earth and Ether

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13
Q

According to the greek philosopher Empedocles in 450 BC what four basic elements composed everything in nature?

A

Air, Earth, Fire and Water

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14
Q

Who is considered the founder of the scientific method?

A

Robert Boyle

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15
Q

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

A

A hypothesis is an initial proposal that is tentative

A theory is a proposal that has been tested extensively

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16
Q

What is the different between a scientific theory and a natural law?

A

A scientific theory is not measurable and a natural law is

17
Q

Who is generally considered the founder of modern chemistry?

A

Antoine Lavoisier

18
Q

What question can we ask to distinguish a natural law from a scientific theory?

A

Is the proposal measurable?

19
Q

Define: natural law

A

States a measurable relationship, does not explain behavior

20
Q

Define: Alchemy

A

A pseudoscience that attempted to convert a base metal, such as lead, into gold
A medieval science that sought to discover a universal cure for disease and a magic potion for immortality (did not withstand time)

21
Q

Who was Antoine Lavoisier?

A

He was considered to be the founder of modern chemistry because of his many contributions

22
Q

Define: chemistry

A

the branch of science that studies the composition and properties of matter
divided onto many branches or specialties

23
Q

Define: organic chemistry

A

the study of chemical substances that contain the element carbon
the study of carbon containing compounds

24
Q

Define: inorganic chemistry

A

the study of chemical substances that do not contain the element carbon

25
Q

Define: biochemistry

A

branch of chemistry that studies substances derived from plants and animals

26
Q

________ chemistry is a QUANTITATIVE analysis as in how much of each substance is present. It is also a QUALITATIVE analysis as in what substance is present.

A

analytical

27
Q

______ chemistry proposes theoretical and mathematical explanations for chemical behavior

A

physical

28
Q

______ chemistry has become important and focuses on the safe disposal of chemical waste

A

environmental

29
Q

Define: green chemistry

A

a term that refers to the design of products and processes that reduce or eliminate hazardous chemical substances; it is also called sustainability chemistry

Introductory Chemistry (4 decks)

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