Chapter 2 The Evolution Of Management Thought

Question 0

The systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency

Answer 0

Scientific management

Question 1

The process by which a division of labor occurs as different worker specialize in different tasks overtime

Answer 1

Job specialization

Question 2

The study of how to create an organizational structure and control system that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness

Answer 2

Administrative management

Question 3

A formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness

Answer 3

Bureaucracy

Question 4

The power to hold people accountable for their actions and to make decisions concerning the use of organizational resources

Answer 4

Authority

Question 5

Formal written instructions that specify actions to be taken under different circumstances to achieve specific goals

Answer 5

Rules

Question 6

Specific sets of written instructions about how to perform a certain aspect of a task

Answer 6

Standard operating procedures SOPs

Question 7

Unwritten informal codes of conduct that prescribed how people should act in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization

Answer 7

Norms

Question 8

A reporting relationship in which an employee receives orders from and reports to only one superior

Answer 8

Unity of command

Question 9

The chain of command extending from the top to the bottom of an organization

Answer 9

Line of authority

Question 10

The concentration of authority at the top of the managerial hierarchy

Answer 10

Centralization

Question 11

The singleness of purpose that makes possible the creation of one plan of action to guide managers and workers as they use organizational resources

Answer 11

Unity of direction

Question 12

The justice impartiality and fairness to which all organizational members are entitled

Answer 12

Equity

Question 13

The methodical arrangement of positions to provide the organization with the greatest benefit and to provide employees with career opportunities

Answer 13

Order

Question 14

The ability to act on one’s own without direction from a superior

Answer 14

Initiative

Question 15

Obedience energy application and other outward marks of respect for his superiors authority

Answer 15

Discipline

Question 16

Shared feelings of comradeship, enthusiasm, or devotion to a common cause among members of a group

Answer 16

Esprit de corps

Question 17

The study of how manager should behave to motivate employees and encourage them to perform at high-level’s and be committed to the achievement of organizational goals

Answer 17

Behavioral management

Question 18

The finding that a manager’s behavior or leadership approach can affect workers level of performance

Answer 18

Hawthorne effect

Question 19

A management approach that advocates the idea that supervisor should receive behavioral training to manage subordinates in ways that elicit their cooperation and increase their productivity

Answer 19

Human relations movement

Question 20

The system of behavioral rules and norms that emerge in a group

Answer 20

Informal organization

Question 21

The study of the factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups respond to and act in organizations

Answer 21

Organizational behavior

Question 22

A set of negative assumptions about workers that leads to the conclusion that a managers task is to supervise workers closely and control their behavior

Answer 22

Theory X

Question 23

A set of positive assumptions about workers that leads to the conclusion that a managers task is to create a work setting that encourages commitments organizational goals and provides opportunities for workers to be imaginative it’s exercise initiative and self-direction

Answer 23

Theory Y

Question 24

And approach to management that uses rigorous quantitative techniques to help managers make maximum use of organizational resources

Answer 24

Management science theory

Question 25

The set of forces and get missions that operate beyond organizations boundaries but effective managers ability to acquire and utilize resources

Answer 25

Organizational environment

Question 26

A system that takes and resources from its external environment and converts them into goods and services that are then sent back to that environment for purchase by customers

Answer 26

Open system

Question 27

A system that is self-contained and us not affected by changes occurring in its external environment

Answer 27

Closed system

Question 28

The tendency of a closed system to lose its ability to control itself and thus to dissolve and disintegrate

Answer 28

Entropy

Question 29

Performance gains that result when individuals and departments coordinate their actions

Answer 29

Synergy

Question 30

The idea that the organizational structures and control systems managers choose depend on “are contingent on” characteristics of the external environment in which the organization operates

Answer 30

Contingency theory

Question 31

And organizational structure in which authority is centralized tasks and rules are clearly specified employees are closely supervised

Answer 31

Mechanistic structure

Question 32

And organizational structure in which authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers and tasks and rolls are left ambiguous to encourage employees to cooperate and respond quickly to the unexpected

Answer 32

Organic structure