Chapter 2 - The Environment in Which Projects Operate: Pages 37 - 49 Flashcards
What are the two major categories of influences on the environment in which projects exist and operate?
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs)
Organizational Process Assets (OPAs)
(Page 37)
Refer to conditions, not under the control of the project team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project. These conditions can be internal and/or external to the organization. They are considered as inputs to many project management processes, specifically for planning processes.
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs)
Page 38
What are the below examples of?
- Organizational culture, structure, and governance
- Geographic distribution of facilities and resources
- Infrastructure
- IT software
- Resource availability
- Employee capability
EEFs internal to the organization
Page 38
What are the below examples of?
- Marketplace conditions
- Social and cultural influences and issues
- Legal restrictions
- Commercial Databases
- Academic research
- Government or industry standards
- Financial considerations
- Physical environmental elements
EEFs external to the organization
Page 39
The plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases specific to and used by the performing organization that influence the management of the project
Organizational Process Assets (OPAs)
Page 39
The organization’s processes and procedures for conducting project work, include but are not limited to:
-Initiating and Planning
-Executing, Monitoring, and Controlling
-Closing
(Pages 40 - 41)
A collection of various components that together can produce results not obtainable by the individual components alone
System
Page 42
An identifiable element within the project or organization that provides a particular function or group of related functions
Component
Page 42
______________ are dynamic, nonlinear in responsiveness, can be optimized and their components can be optimized, but these cannot be optimized at the same time as their components
Systems
Page 42
The interaction between the components based on the relationships and dependencies that exist between the components
System dynamics
Page 43
Refers to organizational or structural arrangements at all levels of an organization designed to determine and influence the behavior of the organization’s members
Governance
Page 43
Refers to the framework, functions, and processes that guide project management activities in order to create a unique product, service, or result to meet organizational, strategic, and operational goals.
Project Governance
Page 44
The components that comprise key functions or principles of general management in the organization
Management Elements
Page 44
How many different organizational structure types are there listed in the PMBOK?
10
See chart on Page 47
This Organization Structure is defined as follows:
- Work Groups Arranged by: Flexible/People Working Side by Side
- PM has little or no authority
- PM role is part time, and may not have a designated job role, almost like a coordinator
- There are little or no resources available
- Owner or Operator manages project budget
- There is little or no PM Admin staff
Organic or Simple
Page 47
This Organization Structure is defined as follows:
- Work Groups Arranged by: Job being done (Ex: engineering, manufacturing)
- PM has little or no authority
- PM role is part time, and may not have a designated job role, almost like a coordinator
- There are little or no resources available
- Functional Manager manages project budget
- There is part-time PM Admin staff
Functional aka Centralized
Page 47
This Organization Structure is defined as follows:
- Work Groups Arranged by: One of: Product; production processes; portfolio; program;geographic region; customer type
- PM has little or no authority
- PM role is part time, and may not have a designated job role, almost like a coordinator
- There are little or no resources available
- Functional Manager manages project budget
- There is part-time PM Admin staff
Multi-divisional (may replicate functions for each division with little centralization)
(Page 47)
This Organization Structure is defined as follows:
- Work Groups Arranged by: Job function, with project management as a function
- PM has moderate to high authority
- PM role is a full time designated job role
- There are moderate to high resources available
- PM manages project budget
- There is full-time PM Admin staff
Matrix - strong
Page 47
This Organization Structure is defined as follows:
- Work Groups Arranged by: Job function
- PM has low authority
- PM role is part time, done as part of another job, and not a designated job role like a coordinator
- There are low to moderate resources available
- The functional manager manages the project budget
- There is part-time PM Admin staff
Matrix - weak
Page 47
This Organization Structure is defined as follows:
- Work Groups Arranged by: Job function
- PM has low to moderate authority
- PM role is part time, embedded in the functions as a skill, and may not be a designated job role like a coordinator
- There are low to moderate resources available
- A mixed bunch of individuals manage the project budget
- There is part-time PM Admin staff
Matrix - balanced
Page 47
This Organization Structure is defined as follows:
- Work Groups Arranged by: Project
- PM has high to almost total authority
- PM role is a full time designated job role
- There are high to almost total resources available
- PM manages the project budget
- There is full-time PM Admin staff
Project-oriented (composite, hybrid)
This Organization Structure is defined as follows:
- Work Groups Arranged by: Network structure with nodes at the points of contact with other people
- PM has low to moderate authority
- PM role is full time or part time
- There are low to moderate resources available
- A mixed bunch of individuals manage the project budget
- There could be full time or part time PM Admin staff
Virtual
Page 47
This Organization Structure is defined as follows:
- Work Groups Arranged by: Mix of other types
- PM has mixed authority
- PM role is mixed
- There are mixed resources available
- A mixed bunch of individuals manage the project budget
- There is mixed PM admin staff
Hybrid
Page 47
This Organization Structure is defined as follows:
- Work Groups Arranged by: Mix of other types
- PM has high to almost total authority
- PM role is a full time designated job role
- There are high to almost total resources available
- PM manages the project budget
- There is full-time PM Admin staff
PMO* (refers to a portfolio, program, or project management office or organization)
(Page 47)
