Chapter 2 - The Crime Picture Flashcards

1
Q

Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program

A

a statistical reporting program run by the FBI’s Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) division.
The UCR Program publishes “Crime in the United States”, which provides an annual summation of the incidence and rate of reported crimes throughout the United States.

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2
Q

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

A

An annual survey of selected American households conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the extent of criminal victimization - especially unreported victimization in the United States.

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3
Q

Bureau of Justice Statistics

A

A U.S. Department of Justice agency responsible for the collection of criminal justice data, including the annual National Crime Victimization Survey.

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4
Q

self-reports

A

crime measures based on surveys that ask respondents to reveal any illegal activity in which they have been involved. Self-reports may provide knowledge about previously unreported crimes.

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5
Q

unreported crime

A

crime that is not reported to justice agencies, and which is generally not known to the police (unless it is otherwise discovered).

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6
Q

National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)

A

an incident-based reporting system that collects detailed data on every single crime occurrence.

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7
Q

summary reporting system

A

The name given to the FBI’s traditional UCR system in order to distinguish it from the more advanced and contemporary NIBRS.

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8
Q

violent crime

A

a UCR/NIBRS summary offense category that traditionally includes murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault.

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9
Q

property crime

A

A UCR/NIBRS summary offense category that traditionally includes burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.

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10
Q

disproportionality

A

an unbalanced ratio between the percentage of persons in one or more racial or ethnic groups at a particular point in time.

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11
Q

discrimination

A

the unequal treatment of members of various groups.

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12
Q

disparity

A

a state of being unequal.
used to describe unequal outcomes experienced by one racial or ethnic group when compared to another.

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13
Q

systematic discrimination

A

a term that implies that racism is not just an isolated practice, but that it is an integral part of the justice system -
(or of the financial, economic, educational, or other social system).

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14
Q

systemic bias

A

predilections for unjust outcomes based on race (or some other unmodifiable personal characteristic) that are an inherent part of the justice system (whether by conscious intent, or not).

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15
Q

clearance rate

A

a measure of investigating effectiveness that compares the number of crimes reported or discovered to the number of crimes solved through arrest or other means (such as the death of the suspect).

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16
Q

murder

A

the unlawful killing of a human being.

17
Q

Part 1 offenses

A

A traditional UCR/NIBRS offense group used to report:
murder
rape
robbery
aggravated assault
burglary
larceny-theft
motor vehicle theft
arson

18
Q

rape

A

unlawful sexual intercourse achieved through force and without consent.

19
Q

sexual battery

A

intentional and wrongful physical contact with a person, without his or her consent, that entails a sexual component or purpose.

20
Q

date rape

A

unlawful forced sexual intercourse with a person, without his or her consent, that occurs within the context of a dating relationship.

21
Q

robbery

A

the unlawful taking or attempted taking of property that is in the immediate possession of another by force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.

22
Q

assault

A

an unlawful attack by one person upon another.

23
Q

aggravated assault

A

the unlawful, intentional inflicting, or attempted or threatened inflicting, of serious injury upon the person of another.

24
Q

burglary

A

the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft
(excludes tents, trailers, and other mobile units used for recreational purposes).

25
Q

larceny-theft

A

the unlawful taking or attempted taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property, from the possession or constructive possession of another.

26
Q

identity fraud

A

a crime in which an imposter obtains key pieces of information,
to obtain credit, merchandise, and services in the name of the victim.

27
Q

motor vehicle theft

A

the theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle.

28
Q

arson

A

any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another, and so on.

29
Q

Part II offenses

A

A traditional UCR/NIBRS offense group used to report arrest for less serious offenses.

30
Q

dark figure of crime

A

crime that is not reported to the police and that remains unknown to officials.

31
Q

crime typology

A

a classification of crimes along a particular dimension, such as legal categories, offender motivation, victim behavior, or the characteristics of individual offenders.

32
Q

stalking

A

repeated harassing and threatening behavior by one individual against another, aspects of which may be planned or carried out in secret.

33
Q

cyberstalking

A

the use of the internet, e-mail, and other electronic communication technologies to stalk another person.

34
Q

hate crime

A

a criminal offense motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender’s bias against a race, gender, gender identity, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity, and committed against persons, property, or society.

35
Q

corporate crime

A

a violation of a criminal statute by a corporate entity or by its executives, employees, or agents acting on behalf of and for the benefit of the corporation, partnership, or other form of business entity.

36
Q

white-collar crime

A

financially motivated nonviolent crime committed by business and government professionals.

37
Q
A