Chapter 2- The Chemistry of Life Vocabulary

Question 0

Nucleus

Answer 0

The center of the atom. Made of protons and neutrons

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

From the Greek word atomos; means “unable to be cut”

Question 2

Electron

Answer 2

Negatively charged particle in constant motion in the space surrounding the atom

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 4

Isotope

Answer 4

An element with a different amount of neutrons than normal.

Question 5

Compound

Answer 5

Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Question 6

Ionic bond

Answer 6

One or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 7

Ion

Answer 7

Positively and negatively charged atoms

Question 8

Covalent bonds

Answer 8

Form when electrons are shared between atoms

Question 9

Molecule

Answer 9

Smallest unit of most compounds

Question 10

van der Waals forces

Answer 10

Intermolecular forces of attraction

Question 11

Cohesion

Answer 11

An attraction of two molecules of the same substance

Question 12

Adhesion

Answer 12

The attraction of two molecules of different substances

Question 13

Mixture

Answer 13

Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Question 14

Solution

Answer 14

Ions gradually disperse in the water forming a type of mixture

Question 15

Solute

Answer 15

The substance being dissolved

Question 16

Solvent

Answer 16

The substance in which the solute dissolves

Question 17

Suspensions

Answer 17

Mixtures of water and non-dissolved materials

Question 18

pH scale

Answer 18

Indicates the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

Question 19

Acid

Answer 19

Any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution

Question 20

Base

Answer 20

Produces hydroxide (OH-) ions in a solution

Question 21

Buffer

Answer 21

Weak acids or bases that can combine with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH

Question 22

Monomer

Answer 22

Building block of a polymer

Question 23

Polymer

Answer 23

Long chain of monomers

Question 24

Carbohydrates

Answer 24

Compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, ratio of 1: 2: 1

Question 25

Monosaccharide

Answer 25

Single sugar molecules

Question 26

Polysaccharides

Answer 26

Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides

Question 27

Lipids

Answer 27

Made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 28

Nucleic acids

Answer 28

Contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and, phosphorous

Question 29

Nucleotides

Answer 29

Consist of three parts: 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

Question 30

RNA

Answer 30

Ribonucleic acid made of sugar ribose

Question 31

DNA

Answer 31

Deoxyribonucleic acid made of sugar deoxyribose

Question 32

Proteins

Answer 32

Contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 33

Amino acids

Answer 33

Compounds with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end

Question 34

Chemical reaction

Answer 34

Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set if chemicals

Question 35

Reactants

Answer 35

Elements or compounds that enter the chemical reaction

Question 36

Product

Answer 36

Elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

Question 37

Activation energy

Answer 37

Energy that is needed to get a reaction started

Question 38

Catalyst

Answer 38

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 39

Enzymes

Answer 39

Proteins that act as biological catalysts

Question 40

Substrates

Answer 40

Reactants of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction