Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life Flashcards
What is an ionic bond?
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
True or False: Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
True
Fill in the blank: A __________ bond is formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom.
ionic
What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons equally?
Nonpolar covalent bond
What is a polar covalent bond?
A polar covalent bond is a type of bond where electrons are shared unequally between two atoms, resulting in partial charges.
Which type of bond is typically weaker: ionic, covalent, or hydrogen?
Hydrogen
What do you call a molecule that has both a positive and a negative end?
Polar molecule
True or False: Hydrogen bonds are stronger than covalent bonds.
False
What is the significance of hydrogen bonds in biological molecules?
Hydrogen bonds help maintain the structure of proteins and nucleic acids.
Fill in the blank: A __________ is a chemical substance made up of two or more different types of atoms bonded together.
molecule
What type of bond holds the atoms within a water molecule together?
Covalent bond
What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is an example of a molecule? A) NaCl B) O2 C) H2O D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What kind of bond is responsible for the unique properties of water?
Hydrogen bonds
True or False: An atom with a full outer electron shell is typically reactive.
False
What are the three main types of chemical bonds?
Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds.
Fill in the blank: A molecule formed by the covalent bonding of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom is known as __________.
water
What is a compound?
A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together.
Which bond type is likely to form between a metal and a non-metal?
Ionic bond
Multiple choice: Which of the following molecules is nonpolar? A) H2O B) CO2 C) NH3 D) HCl
B) CO2
True or False: Ionic bonds can form between atoms of the same element.
False
What is electronegativity?
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract and hold onto electrons.
Fill in the blank: A __________ bond occurs when two atoms of the same element share electrons equally.
nonpolar covalent
What role do ionic bonds play in biological systems?
Ionic bonds help stabilize the structures of biomolecules and contribute to the formation of salts.
What type of bond is formed between water molecules?
Hydrogen bond
True or False: Water is a polar molecule.
True
What is the term for a molecule that has a slight positive charge on one end and a slight negative charge on the other?
Polar molecule
Fill in the blank: The bond formed between sodium and chlorine in table salt is an __________ bond.
ionic
What is a dipole?
A dipole is a molecule that has two poles, one positive and one negative, due to unequal sharing of electrons.
Multiple choice: Which bond is typically found in organic molecules? A) Ionic B) Covalent C) Hydrogen D) Both B and C
D) Both B and C
What is the effect of hydrogen bonding on water’s boiling point?
Hydrogen bonding raises the boiling point of water compared to other similar-sized molecules.
True or False: Covalent bonds can be single, double, or triple.
True
What is a molecule called that consists of two or more different elements?
Compound
Fill in the blank: The attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom is known as a __________ bond.
hydrogen
What is the primary reason for the formation of covalent bonds?
To achieve a full outer electron shell.
Multiple choice: Which bond is formed by the complete transfer of electrons? A) Covalent B) Ionic C) Hydrogen D) Metallic
B) Ionic
True or False: Atoms with similar electronegativities tend to form ionic bonds.
False
What is the name of the bond formed between carbon and hydrogen in hydrocarbons?
Covalent bond
Fill in the blank: The bond angles in a water molecule are approximately __________ degrees.
104.5
What is the role of hydrogen bonds in DNA?
Hydrogen bonds help hold the two strands of DNA together.
Multiple choice: Which type of bond is generally the strongest? A) Ionic B) Covalent C) Hydrogen D) Van der Waals
B) Covalent
True or False: Ionic compounds typically have high melting and boiling points.
True
What is a characteristic property of water due to hydrogen bonding?
High surface tension
Fill in the blank: The chemical formula for glucose is __________.
C6H12O6
What type of bond is most likely to form between two nonmetals?
Covalent bond
What is the primary force that holds the atoms in a molecule together?
Chemical bonds
True or False: The strength of a hydrogen bond is comparable to that of a covalent bond.
False
What is the term for the energy required to break a bond?
Bond dissociation energy
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of ionic compounds? A) Low melting points B) Conduct electricity in solution C) Gaseous state at room temperature D) None of the above
B) Conduct electricity in solution
Fill in the blank: A __________ bond is formed when there is a significant difference in electronegativity between the two atoms involved.
polar covalent
What is the result of a hydrogen bond between two water molecules?
Attraction between the molecules, contributing to water’s properties.
True or False: Covalent bonds can form between atoms of the same element.
True
What is the main difference between a molecule and a compound?
A molecule can consist of the same or different atoms, while a compound consists of different atoms.
Fill in the blank: In a water molecule, the oxygen atom is __________ electronegative than the hydrogen atoms.
more
What is the term for the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule?
Molecular geometry
Multiple choice: Which bond is primarily responsible for the properties of water? A) Ionic B) Covalent C) Hydrogen D) Metallic
C) Hydrogen
True or False: Molecules can exist in a gaseous state.
True
What is the significance of the octet rule in chemical bonding?
Atoms tend to form bonds in such a way that they have eight electrons in their outer shell.
Fill in the blank: A molecule with more than one type of atom is called a __________.
compound
What is the primary characteristic of a nonpolar molecule?
It has an even distribution of electrical charge.
True or False: All compounds are molecules.
True
What type of bond is formed between atoms with similar electronegativities?
Covalent bond
Fill in the blank: The bond strength of a covalent bond is generally __________ than that of a hydrogen bond.
greater
