Chapter 2 The Atomic Theory Of Matter

Question 0

Atoms reamerged after ________ ______ in 17th century _____

Answer 0

Aristotelean physics

Europe

Question 1

The concept of atoms is derived back from

Answer 1

Early Greek philosophers around 460-370 BCE

Question 2

Daltons atomic theory

1 and 2

Answer 2

1. Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms
2. All atoms of a given element are identical, but the atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements

Question 3

Law of multiple proportions

Answer 3

If two elements A and B combine to form more than one compound, the masses of B that can combine with a given mass of A are in the ratio of small whole numbers.

Question 4

Daltons atomic theory

Parts 3 and 4

Answer 4

3. Atoms are neither created or destroyed in chemical reactions
4. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine; a given compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms

Question 5

Definition: Subatomic particles

Answer 5

Includes electrons, protons, and neutrons

Question 6

Thompson created the ______ ____ experiment that led to the discovery of _____

Answer 6

Cathode ray

Electrons

Question 7

Electrons charge per gram=

Answer 7

1.76*10^8

Question 8

Mass of an electron=________

Answer 8

9.1*10^-28 grams

Question 9

Ruthorfords experiments revealed

Answer 9

Alpha emission
Beta emission
Gamma rays

Question 10

JJ thomson’s model is called

Answer 10

The plum pudding models

Question 11

Rutherford updated the plum pudding model by positing the ____ ____

Answer 11

Nuclear model of the atom

Question 12

The nucleus contains the

Answer 12

Positive charge of an atom as well as neutrons

Question 13

Atoms have diameters of

Answer 13

1-5A
A= angstrom
1 angstrom= 1E-10 meters

Question 14

Proton amu=
Electron amu=
Neutron amu=

Answer 14

1. 0073
2. 486*10^-4
3. 0087

Question 15

Definition: Atomic Numbers

Answer 15

The number of protons in an element. Will have equal electrons unless an ion

Question 16

Definition: mass number

Answer 16

Format for displaying the number of neutrons and protons in an element. The super script is the neutrons plus the protons

Question 17

Sometimes the sub script of the mass number is

Answer 17

Omitted because a given element always has the same number of protons

Question 18

Definition: isotopes

Answer 18

Elements with amounts of neutrons different then that of protons

Question 19

Definition: Atomic weight

Answer 19

The average atomic mass

Question 20

Mass spectrometer

Answer 20

Essentially uses deflection of ions to measure relative mass. More deflection means less mass

Question 21

Structural formula

Answer 21

Shows which atoms are attached to the other atoms

Question 22

Monoatomic anions end in

Answer 22

-ide

Question 23

ClO4- =
ClO3- =
ClO2- =
ClO- =

Answer 23

Per-Chlor-ate
Chlor-ate
Chlor-ite
Hypo-chlor-ite

Question 24

Charges of poly atomic ions increase from ____ to _____ left

Answer 24

Right | Left

Question 25

Period 2 poly atomic ions can only have up to _ oxygens

Answer 25

3

Question 26

Period 3 poly atomic ions can have up to _ oxygens

Answer 26

4

Question 27

Definition: isomers

Answer 27

Same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms