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US 1 History Honors > Chapter 2 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the characteristics of the early English settlers?

A
  • reached America in spring of 1607
  • 144 men left England & 104 survived the journey
  • mostly men looking to get rich (inexperienced)
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2
Q

Characteristics of Jamestown settlement

A
  • Marshy Swampy Area
  • Bad for growing crops
  • surrounded by Native Americans
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3
Q

Investors of Jamestown wanted colonists to focus on what?

A

gold and other export items

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4
Q

How does Smith strengthen Jamestown?

A
  • imposed work and order in Jamestown

- organized raids on local indians to steal food & kidnap them

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5
Q

What caused Jamestown to have its economic boom?

A

-the introduction of tobacco as a cash crop

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6
Q

What were the results of tobacco?

A
  • it caused an economic boom

- allowed Jamestown to make profit

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7
Q

Purpose of headright system

A

-to bring more people to the colony of Jamestown

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8
Q

How would characterize the first years of Jamestown?

A
  • very harsh due to people getting sick (malaria)
  • Only 38 of the 104 survived
  • Lack of food and clean water
  • Native American attacks
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9
Q

What did the house of burgesses give the colonists?

A
  • on july 30, 1619 met for the first time

- became the first representive legislature in America

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10
Q

In what conditions did the first africans arrive as?

A
  • The dutch brought them to become slaves for a short time then after become freed.
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11
Q

Because of Pohcahantas, how did England feel about Indians?

A

The English believed they could be civilized

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12
Q

Characteristics of warefare between Indians and colonists

A
  • colonists had well developed weapons (guns)

- native americans knew more about their surroundings

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13
Q

How would you characterize the first 17 years of Jamestown?

A
  • Unsuccesful
  • hundreds died
  • Virginia Company became defunct
  • James I revokes charter and the colony becomes under the control of the crown
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14
Q

In what ways were Indians more advance than the english?

A
  • more agriculture techniques
  • more geographically intelligent
  • knew more about local foods/herbs
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15
Q

What did the colonists realize about corn?

A

-Corn was easy to harvest and grow

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16
Q

What causes the Starving Time?

A
  • Local Indians kill off livestock in the woods and kept the colonists barricaded within their palisades
  • lived on with what they could find (dogs, cats, rats..etc, including corpses of dead men)
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17
Q

Maryland was supposed to be a colony for what?

A

-George Calvert envisioned it as a speculative venture in real estate and as a refuge for English Catholics

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18
Q

Characteristics of Berkeley

A
  • the royal governor of Virginia for 30 times
  • took office in 1642 at the age of 36
  • tried expanding his powers while Virginia population grew
  • refused Bacon for militia and volunteers to fight against Indians
19
Q

By 1670, what happens to Virginia’s political representation?

A
  • votes for delegates to the House of Burgesses (used to be open to all white men) became restricted to lanownders
  • Elections were rare
  • Recent settlers on the frontier were underrepresented
20
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion, which region of Virginia did it attract?

A

-closest towards the Atlantic Ocean

21
Q

Results of Bacon’s Rebellion

A
  • 1st time, he won a temporary pardon from the governor
  • the 2nd time, after the governor repudiated the agreement, Bacon burned much up the city and drove the governor to exile
  • evidence of continuing struggle between Indians and whites
  • bitterness of elite rivals and instability in population
  • turned to African slaves to fulfill needs for labor (no threat for social unrest)
22
Q

By 1608, what hindered separatists from leaving England?

A

-Plymouth Company never mounted successful expedition after recieving charter in 1606

23
Q

Purpose of Pilgrims of arrival/settlement in New England?

A
  • emigrated quietly to Holland for freedom of worship
  • unskilled poorly paid jobs
  • children began to adapt Dutch society
24
Q

The main reason why Plymouth survived first year

A
  • Crucial assistance from local Indians
  • Trade and exchanges, provided colonists with fur, showed colonists how to cultivate corn and hunt for wild animals for meat
25
Q

How does Charles I treat Pilgrims?

A
  • hostile and imprisoned many for their beliefs

- dissolved Parliament in 1629 ensuring no one could oppose him

26
Q

Who had the largest migration in America?

A
  • 17 ships and 1000 people
  • members of MA Bay company wanted to create refuge for Puritans in New England
  • Winthrop, elected as leader, who also sailed carried the charter of MA Bay Company
27
Q

What type of colony did the Puritans create?

A
  • different settlements were produced (Boston was capital)
  • was a “theocracy,” a society in which the church was almost indistinguishable from the state
  • residents had no more freedom of worship than the Puritan themselves had in England
28
Q

Explain “City upon a hill.”

A

-Winthrop and other founders of MA believed they were founding a holy commonwealth, a model for the corrupt world to see and emulate.

29
Q

Hooker creates what colony?

A
  • He is founder of Connecticut (after defying MA government)

- Establishes the town of Hartford

30
Q

Why is Roger Williams exiled?

A
  • argued that the Massachusetts church should abandon all alleigance to the Church of England
  • the land belonged to the natives
  • obtains charter from Parliament to establish church-less government similar to MA in Rhode Island
31
Q

What made Rhode Island unique?

A

-It was the only colony in which all faiths (including Judaism) could woship without interference

32
Q

Why is Hutchinson exiled?

A
  • argued that many clergy were not among the “elect” and had no spiritual authority
  • Antinomian heresy was a serious threat to the spiritual authority of established clergy.
  • challenged prevailing assumptions on the proper role of women in Puritan society
  • delivered opened attacks on members of clergy
33
Q

List all the dissenters in Massachusetts

A

Thomas Hooker, Roger Williams, and Anne Hutchinson

34
Q

How do Puritans view Indians?

A
  • first white settlers had friendly relations with natives
  • Tensions developed due to colonists’ appetite for land.
  • Conflicts emerged from Puritan attitudes toward the natives
  • religious leaders of New England considered tribes a threat to their hope of creating a godly community in the New World.
  • helpful neighbors to “heathens” and barabarians
35
Q

Causes of King Philip’s War

A

-in 1637, hostilities broke out between English settlets in the Connecticut Valley and the Pequot Indians of the region, in which the natives were almost wiped out

36
Q

New weapon during King Philip’s War

A

Flintlock rifle

37
Q

All parts to the Navigation Acts

A
  • 3 important Navigation Acts
  • 1: in 1660, closed the colonies to all trade except from England. required tobacco and other items exported from colonies only to England or to English possessions
  • 2: in 1663, required all goods sent from Europe to the colonies pass through England on the way to be subject to English taxation
  • 3: in 1673, imposed duties on the coastal trade among the English colonies, provided for the appoinment of customs officials to enforce the Navigation Acts
38
Q

What was the purpose of the Acts?

A

-to create a more uniform structure to the empire from the pressures of growing commercial success of colonial ventures

39
Q

How was the Dominion of New England set up?

A
  • Charles II created a single Dominion of New England
  • it combined the govt. of MA with govts. of the rest of the New England colonies, later including NY and NJ
  • appointed a single governor, Sir Edmund Andros to supervise from Boston
40
Q

What happens to James II as a result of the Glorious Revolution?

A
  • he made powerful enemies in England by attempting to control Parliament and the courts by appointing his fellow Catholic friends to office (Catholic instead of Protestant)
  • Parliament invites his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William to assume thrown. James offers no resistance, flees to France. Mary and William become joint sovereigns
41
Q

One way to get colonists to move to Virginia?

A

-Come in families because of the headright system for larger plantations

42
Q

Key Massachusetts colonial leaders

A

William Bradford - Massachusetts Bay

John Winthrop - Boston

43
Q

Who were the main settlers of the Chesapeake region?

A

Powhatan Indians and English settlers (mostly men)

US 1 History Honors (2 decks)

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