Chapter 2 Test

Question 1

What were the characteristics of the early English settlers?

Answer 1

• reached America in spring of 1607
• 144 men left England & 104 survived the journey
• mostly men looking to get rich (inexperienced)

Question 2

Characteristics of Jamestown settlement

Answer 2

• Marshy Swampy Area
• Bad for growing crops
• surrounded by Native Americans

Question 3

Investors of Jamestown wanted colonists to focus on what?

Answer 3

gold and other export items

Question 4

How does Smith strengthen Jamestown?

Answer 4

• imposed work and order in Jamestown

- organized raids on local indians to steal food & kidnap them

Question 5

What caused Jamestown to have its economic boom?

Answer 5

-the introduction of tobacco as a cash crop

Question 6

What were the results of tobacco?

Answer 6

• it caused an economic boom

- allowed Jamestown to make profit

Question 7

Purpose of headright system

Answer 7

-to bring more people to the colony of Jamestown

Question 8

How would characterize the first years of Jamestown?

Answer 8

• very harsh due to people getting sick (malaria)
• Only 38 of the 104 survived
• Lack of food and clean water
• Native American attacks

Question 9

What did the house of burgesses give the colonists?

Answer 9

• on july 30, 1619 met for the first time

- became the first representive legislature in America

Question 10

In what conditions did the first africans arrive as?

Answer 10

• The dutch brought them to become slaves for a short time then after become freed.

Question 11

Because of Pohcahantas, how did England feel about Indians?

Answer 11

The English believed they could be civilized

Question 12

Characteristics of warefare between Indians and colonists

Answer 12

• colonists had well developed weapons (guns)

- native americans knew more about their surroundings

Question 13

How would you characterize the first 17 years of Jamestown?

Answer 13

• Unsuccesful
• hundreds died
• Virginia Company became defunct
• James I revokes charter and the colony becomes under the control of the crown

Question 14

In what ways were Indians more advance than the english?

Answer 14

• more agriculture techniques
• more geographically intelligent
• knew more about local foods/herbs

Question 15

What did the colonists realize about corn?

Answer 15

-Corn was easy to harvest and grow

Question 16

What causes the Starving Time?

Answer 16

• Local Indians kill off livestock in the woods and kept the colonists barricaded within their palisades
• lived on with what they could find (dogs, cats, rats..etc, including corpses of dead men)

Question 17

Maryland was supposed to be a colony for what?

Answer 17

-George Calvert envisioned it as a speculative venture in real estate and as a refuge for English Catholics

Question 18

Characteristics of Berkeley

Answer 18

• the royal governor of Virginia for 30 times
• took office in 1642 at the age of 36
• tried expanding his powers while Virginia population grew
• refused Bacon for militia and volunteers to fight against Indians

Question 19

By 1670, what happens to Virginia’s political representation?

Answer 19

• votes for delegates to the House of Burgesses (used to be open to all white men) became restricted to lanownders
• Elections were rare
• Recent settlers on the frontier were underrepresented

Question 20

Bacon’s Rebellion, which region of Virginia did it attract?

Answer 20

-closest towards the Atlantic Ocean

Question 21

Results of Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 21

• 1st time, he won a temporary pardon from the governor
• the 2nd time, after the governor repudiated the agreement, Bacon burned much up the city and drove the governor to exile
• evidence of continuing struggle between Indians and whites
• bitterness of elite rivals and instability in population
• turned to African slaves to fulfill needs for labor (no threat for social unrest)

Question 22

By 1608, what hindered separatists from leaving England?

Answer 22

-Plymouth Company never mounted successful expedition after recieving charter in 1606

Question 23

Purpose of Pilgrims of arrival/settlement in New England?

Answer 23

• emigrated quietly to Holland for freedom of worship
• unskilled poorly paid jobs
• children began to adapt Dutch society

Question 24

The main reason why Plymouth survived first year

Answer 24

• Crucial assistance from local Indians
• Trade and exchanges, provided colonists with fur, showed colonists how to cultivate corn and hunt for wild animals for meat

Question 25

How does Charles I treat Pilgrims?

Answer 25

- hostile and imprisoned many for their beliefs | - dissolved Parliament in 1629 ensuring no one could oppose him

Question 26

Who had the largest migration in America?

Answer 26

- 17 ships and 1000 people - members of MA Bay company wanted to create refuge for Puritans in New England - Winthrop, elected as leader, who also sailed carried the charter of MA Bay Company

Question 27

What type of colony did the Puritans create?

Answer 27

- different settlements were produced (Boston was capital) - was a "theocracy," a society in which the church was almost indistinguishable from the state - residents had no more freedom of worship than the Puritan themselves had in England

Question 28

Explain "City upon a hill."

Answer 28

-Winthrop and other founders of MA believed they were founding a holy commonwealth, a model for the corrupt world to see and emulate.

Question 29

Hooker creates what colony?

Answer 29

- He is founder of Connecticut (after defying MA government) | - Establishes the town of Hartford

Question 30

Why is Roger Williams exiled?

Answer 30

- argued that the Massachusetts church should abandon all alleigance to the Church of England - the land belonged to the natives - obtains charter from Parliament to establish church-less government similar to MA in Rhode Island

Question 31

What made Rhode Island unique?

Answer 31

-It was the only colony in which all faiths (including Judaism) could woship without interference

Question 32

Why is Hutchinson exiled?

Answer 32

- argued that many clergy were not among the "elect" and had no spiritual authority - Antinomian heresy was a serious threat to the spiritual authority of established clergy. - challenged prevailing assumptions on the proper role of women in Puritan society - delivered opened attacks on members of clergy

Question 33

List all the dissenters in Massachusetts

Answer 33

Thomas Hooker, Roger Williams, and Anne Hutchinson

Question 34

How do Puritans view Indians?

Answer 34

- first white settlers had friendly relations with natives - Tensions developed due to colonists' appetite for land. - Conflicts emerged from Puritan attitudes toward the natives - religious leaders of New England considered tribes a threat to their hope of creating a godly community in the New World. - helpful neighbors to "heathens" and barabarians

Question 35

Causes of King Philip's War

Answer 35

-in 1637, hostilities broke out between English settlets in the Connecticut Valley and the Pequot Indians of the region, in which the natives were almost wiped out

Question 36

New weapon during King Philip's War

Answer 36

Flintlock rifle

Question 37

All parts to the Navigation Acts

Answer 37

- 3 important Navigation Acts - 1: in 1660, closed the colonies to all trade except from England. required tobacco and other items exported from colonies only to England or to English possessions - 2: in 1663, required all goods sent from Europe to the colonies pass through England on the way to be subject to English taxation - 3: in 1673, imposed duties on the coastal trade among the English colonies, provided for the appoinment of customs officials to enforce the Navigation Acts

Question 38

What was the purpose of the Acts?

Answer 38

-to create a more uniform structure to the empire from the pressures of growing commercial success of colonial ventures

Question 39

How was the Dominion of New England set up?

Answer 39

- Charles II created a single Dominion of New England - it combined the govt. of MA with govts. of the rest of the New England colonies, later including NY and NJ - appointed a single governor, Sir Edmund Andros to supervise from Boston

Question 40

What happens to James II as a result of the Glorious Revolution?

Answer 40

- he made powerful enemies in England by attempting to control Parliament and the courts by appointing his fellow Catholic friends to office (Catholic instead of Protestant) - Parliament invites his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William to assume thrown. James offers no resistance, flees to France. Mary and William become joint sovereigns

Question 41

One way to get colonists to move to Virginia?

Answer 41

-Come in families because of the headright system for larger plantations

Question 42

Key Massachusetts colonial leaders

Answer 42

William Bradford - Massachusetts Bay | John Winthrop - Boston

Question 43

Who were the main settlers of the Chesapeake region?

Answer 43

Powhatan Indians and English settlers (mostly men)