Chapter 2 Test Flashcards
What were the characteristics of the early English settlers?
- reached America in spring of 1607
- 144 men left England & 104 survived the journey
- mostly men looking to get rich (inexperienced)
Characteristics of Jamestown settlement
- Marshy Swampy Area
- Bad for growing crops
- surrounded by Native Americans
Investors of Jamestown wanted colonists to focus on what?
gold and other export items
How does Smith strengthen Jamestown?
- imposed work and order in Jamestown
- organized raids on local indians to steal food & kidnap them
What caused Jamestown to have its economic boom?
-the introduction of tobacco as a cash crop
What were the results of tobacco?
- it caused an economic boom
- allowed Jamestown to make profit
Purpose of headright system
-to bring more people to the colony of Jamestown
How would characterize the first years of Jamestown?
- very harsh due to people getting sick (malaria)
- Only 38 of the 104 survived
- Lack of food and clean water
- Native American attacks
What did the house of burgesses give the colonists?
- on july 30, 1619 met for the first time
- became the first representive legislature in America
In what conditions did the first africans arrive as?
- The dutch brought them to become slaves for a short time then after become freed.
Because of Pohcahantas, how did England feel about Indians?
The English believed they could be civilized
Characteristics of warefare between Indians and colonists
- colonists had well developed weapons (guns)
- native americans knew more about their surroundings
How would you characterize the first 17 years of Jamestown?
- Unsuccesful
- hundreds died
- Virginia Company became defunct
- James I revokes charter and the colony becomes under the control of the crown
In what ways were Indians more advance than the english?
- more agriculture techniques
- more geographically intelligent
- knew more about local foods/herbs
What did the colonists realize about corn?
-Corn was easy to harvest and grow
What causes the Starving Time?
- Local Indians kill off livestock in the woods and kept the colonists barricaded within their palisades
- lived on with what they could find (dogs, cats, rats..etc, including corpses of dead men)
Maryland was supposed to be a colony for what?
-George Calvert envisioned it as a speculative venture in real estate and as a refuge for English Catholics
Characteristics of Berkeley
- the royal governor of Virginia for 30 times
- took office in 1642 at the age of 36
- tried expanding his powers while Virginia population grew
- refused Bacon for militia and volunteers to fight against Indians
By 1670, what happens to Virginia’s political representation?
- votes for delegates to the House of Burgesses (used to be open to all white men) became restricted to lanownders
- Elections were rare
- Recent settlers on the frontier were underrepresented
Bacon’s Rebellion, which region of Virginia did it attract?
-closest towards the Atlantic Ocean
Results of Bacon’s Rebellion
- 1st time, he won a temporary pardon from the governor
- the 2nd time, after the governor repudiated the agreement, Bacon burned much up the city and drove the governor to exile
- evidence of continuing struggle between Indians and whites
- bitterness of elite rivals and instability in population
- turned to African slaves to fulfill needs for labor (no threat for social unrest)
By 1608, what hindered separatists from leaving England?
-Plymouth Company never mounted successful expedition after recieving charter in 1606
Purpose of Pilgrims of arrival/settlement in New England?
- emigrated quietly to Holland for freedom of worship
- unskilled poorly paid jobs
- children began to adapt Dutch society
The main reason why Plymouth survived first year
- Crucial assistance from local Indians
- Trade and exchanges, provided colonists with fur, showed colonists how to cultivate corn and hunt for wild animals for meat
How does Charles I treat Pilgrims?
- hostile and imprisoned many for their beliefs
- dissolved Parliament in 1629 ensuring no one could oppose him
Who had the largest migration in America?
- 17 ships and 1000 people
- members of MA Bay company wanted to create refuge for Puritans in New England
- Winthrop, elected as leader, who also sailed carried the charter of MA Bay Company
What type of colony did the Puritans create?
- different settlements were produced (Boston was capital)
- was a “theocracy,” a society in which the church was almost indistinguishable from the state
- residents had no more freedom of worship than the Puritan themselves had in England
Explain “City upon a hill.”
-Winthrop and other founders of MA believed they were founding a holy commonwealth, a model for the corrupt world to see and emulate.
Hooker creates what colony?
- He is founder of Connecticut (after defying MA government)
- Establishes the town of Hartford
Why is Roger Williams exiled?
- argued that the Massachusetts church should abandon all alleigance to the Church of England
- the land belonged to the natives
- obtains charter from Parliament to establish church-less government similar to MA in Rhode Island
What made Rhode Island unique?
-It was the only colony in which all faiths (including Judaism) could woship without interference
Why is Hutchinson exiled?
- argued that many clergy were not among the “elect” and had no spiritual authority
- Antinomian heresy was a serious threat to the spiritual authority of established clergy.
- challenged prevailing assumptions on the proper role of women in Puritan society
- delivered opened attacks on members of clergy
List all the dissenters in Massachusetts
Thomas Hooker, Roger Williams, and Anne Hutchinson
How do Puritans view Indians?
- first white settlers had friendly relations with natives
- Tensions developed due to colonists’ appetite for land.
- Conflicts emerged from Puritan attitudes toward the natives
- religious leaders of New England considered tribes a threat to their hope of creating a godly community in the New World.
- helpful neighbors to “heathens” and barabarians
Causes of King Philip’s War
-in 1637, hostilities broke out between English settlets in the Connecticut Valley and the Pequot Indians of the region, in which the natives were almost wiped out
New weapon during King Philip’s War
Flintlock rifle
All parts to the Navigation Acts
- 3 important Navigation Acts
- 1: in 1660, closed the colonies to all trade except from England. required tobacco and other items exported from colonies only to England or to English possessions
- 2: in 1663, required all goods sent from Europe to the colonies pass through England on the way to be subject to English taxation
- 3: in 1673, imposed duties on the coastal trade among the English colonies, provided for the appoinment of customs officials to enforce the Navigation Acts
What was the purpose of the Acts?
-to create a more uniform structure to the empire from the pressures of growing commercial success of colonial ventures
How was the Dominion of New England set up?
- Charles II created a single Dominion of New England
- it combined the govt. of MA with govts. of the rest of the New England colonies, later including NY and NJ
- appointed a single governor, Sir Edmund Andros to supervise from Boston
What happens to James II as a result of the Glorious Revolution?
- he made powerful enemies in England by attempting to control Parliament and the courts by appointing his fellow Catholic friends to office (Catholic instead of Protestant)
- Parliament invites his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William to assume thrown. James offers no resistance, flees to France. Mary and William become joint sovereigns
One way to get colonists to move to Virginia?
-Come in families because of the headright system for larger plantations
Key Massachusetts colonial leaders
William Bradford - Massachusetts Bay
John Winthrop - Boston
Who were the main settlers of the Chesapeake region?
Powhatan Indians and English settlers (mostly men)
