Chapter 10 and 11 Quizzes

Question 1

What are the major factors of the American Industrial Revolution?

Answer 1

Advances in transportation and communications, growth of manufacturing technology, development of new systems of business organization, and population growth

Question 2

By how much did the population between 1790-1840 grow?

Answer 2

3x

Question 3

Why did the population grow during the American Industrial Revolultion?

Answer 3

Improvement on public health (epidemics and morality rate decreased),high birth rate, and migration from New England to West

Question 4

Where did migration usually go from during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 4

Agricultural regions of New England became less profitable and moved to West and East

Question 5

What is Nativism?

Answer 5

When others feared growth of foreign population

Question 6

How were immigrants seen during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 6

Immigrants were seen as “alien menace;” societies formed against them

Question 7

Which party did the Know-Nothings originally come from?

Answer 7

Native American Party

Question 8

What was the name of the Know-Nothing’s political organization and which election did they have success in?

Answer 8

the American Party, immediate success in elections of 1854

Question 9

In which states did the Know-Nothings thrive?

Answer 9

PA, NY, and won control of government in MA

Question 10

What was the Know Nothing’s progress in the Northeast?

Answer 10

Progress was modest

Question 11

At what date did the strength of the Know-Nothings decline and the Native American party soon disappeared?

Answer 11

After 1854

Question 12

Why was there growing interest in building canals?

Answer 12

On riverboats, it costed to much to transport goods than the actual goods

Question 13

How did canals affect white settlement?

Answer 13

Increased white settlement in Northwest

Question 14

What was the most important canal during the American Industrial Revolution?

Answer 14

the Erie Canal

Question 15

What were the role of railroads during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 15

Railroads played a small role in 1820s and 1830s. Eventually, railroads became a primary source of transportation.

Question 16

How did trains affect relationships in America?

Answer 16

It lessened dependece of the West on the Mississippi River and helped further weaken connection between NW and South

Question 17

What was the symbol of the railroads?

Answer 17

Became a symbol of the nation’s technological progress/greatness.

Question 18

Who was the inventor of the telegraph?

Answer 18

Samuel F. Morse

Question 19

What was the importance of the telegraph?

Answer 19

Telegraphs allowed railroad operators to communicate directly with stations, alert stations about delays, schedule changes, etc. Overall, telegraphs helped prevent accidents

Question 20

Which region of the US had the highest output of manufactured goods?

Answer 20

Northeast produced more than 2/3 of manufactured goods

Question 21

Who mainly supported the adavnces of technology and why?

Answer 21

Manufacturing of machinery was supported by the government because of its connection to the military (precision grinding machine was used to standardize rifle parts)

Question 22

What did Charles Goodyear discover?

Answer 22

Discovered vulcanizing rubber; advance to rubber industry

Question 23

What was the transition of Lowell factory labor conditions?

Answer 23

Wages declined, working conditions deteriorated, and hours increased

Question 24

Which European group worked in New England’s unskilled labor work force and what did they do?

Answer 24

Poorly paid Irish Immigrants performed heavy unskilled work on turnpikes, canals, and railroads

Question 25

What work force did factories replace?

Answer 25

Factories replaced trades of skilled artisans

Question 26

What was the Ruling of Commonwealth v. Hunt?

Answer 26

greatest industrial worker legal victory in MA, when the state supreme court declared that unions were lawful organizations and that the strike was a lawful weapon

Question 27

What was the effect of commercial and industrial growth?

Answer 27

Commercial and Industrial growth increased the average income of the American people; highly unequal distribution of wealth

Question 28

Which group gained substantial wealth?

Answer 28

Merchants, industrialists

Question 29

Which group didn’t recieve any wealth?

Answer 29

Slaves, Indians, Landless farmers

Question 30

What was the fastest growing group in America?

Answer 30

Middle Class

Question 31

What were some examples of Leisure Activities?

Answer 31

Theater, Minstrel Shows, Baseball, and Circuses

Question 32

What was the Cult of Domesticity?

Answer 32

Gave women material comfort and placed a higher value on their “female virtues.” (distinctive female culture)

Question 33

What was the cause of Northern Agriculture to decline?

Answer 33

Agriculture was expensive; farmers could no longer compete with the new and richer soil of Northwest (farmers moved west to become laboreres or remained supplying food for growing eastern cities)

Question 34

What invention did Cyprus McCormick create and what did it do?

Answer 34

He created the automatic reaper which was a wheat harvester. It replaced the sickle, cradle, and hand labor.

Question 35

What was the cause of the shift in economic power in the South?

Answer 35

Shift of economic power from the “upper south,” the original southern states alond the Atlantic Coast, to the “lower south,” expanding new states of the southwest was caused by the growing dominance of cotton

Question 36

What were some important Southern crops?

Answer 36

Tobacco was not good; rice was stable but long growing season; sugar required intense long labor and growing time; cotton was lucrative and grew only in limited area

Question 37

What was Short Staple Cotton?

Answer 37

It was hardier and coarser; grew in different climates and soil; cotton gin was used to solve seed problems

Question 38

What was De Bow’s Commercial Review?

Answer 38

He called for southern commercial and agriculture expansion and economic independece from North

Question 39

What was the Southernn transportation system like?

Answer 39

there was inadequate transportation (no canals, bad roads, ineffective railroads)

Question 40

What was the South’s reason for agricultural economy?

Answer 40

great profitability of the region’s agricultural system; economy boomed in south; invested so much into land and slaves; no room for other investments

Question 41

What was the Planter Class?

Answer 41

Society dominated of wealthy land owning planters because of planter aristrocracy; whites who owned at least 40-50 slaves and 800 acres of land; no longstanding aristocracy; usually first generation settlers who were sustained image as aristrocrats

Question 42

What was the general view of the Southern Lady?

Answer 42

Had roles similar to middle-class white women in the North, except life wasn’t centered at home or companions to husbands. They were more engaged in economic life becoming like the middle class women of the North. They engaged in spinning, weaving, and agricultural tasks. Few rebelled against their roles and joined northerners to abolish slavery.

Question 43

Who were the Plain Folk?

Answer 43

Not a great planter and slaveholder, but modest yeomen farmer. 3/4 of all white families owned no slaves. Substinence was farming, cotton, or crops farming. They could never expand their operations or get out of debt

Question 44

What were the Slave Codes on slaves and their rights?

Answer 44

No property, leaving masters, out after dark, firearms, striking whites; prohibited whites from teaching slaves how to read and write (poor enforcement of laws); owners gave unique interpretations of the “Slave Codes”

Question 45

Who were Head-Drivers?

Answer 45

Slaves who acted as overseers

Question 46

What was the General View of life under Slavery?

Answer 46

Generally had an adequate diet; were provided with cheap clothing and shoes; lived in rough cabins called slave quarters; plantation mistress or doctor usually provided medical care; work started at a young age; harvest days were the worst; slave women had rougher life; slave couples usually split; generally died at a younger age/population declined; smaller plantations meant better treatment/family-like relations

Question 47

What was life like for free African-Americans?

Answer 47

were very poor and had limited opportunity; usually freed by masters for moral decisions or after master died

Question 48

What were types of slave resistance?

Answer 48

Rebellion, running away, subtle defiance (fake injury, slow down work progress)

Question 49

Which religion were slaves converted/coerced/persuaded into?

Answer 49

Christianity

Question 50

What were separate slave religions and why did they develop?

Answer 50

They were developed because black churches were banned by law (occasional religious traditions included bondage)

Question 51

What is Pidgin?

Answer 51

There was a great amount of different African languages. To eliminate confusion, the simple and common language of Pidgin was developed in which it relied on music and dance

Question 52

What was the importance of Slave Spirituals?

Answer 52

Through the spiritual, Africans from America not only expressed their religious faith, but also lamented their bondage and expressed continuing hope for freedom

Question 53

What were aspects of the Slave Family?

Answer 53

Crucial instituion of black culture located in the South. It suddered legal restrictions like religion. It emerged as the dominant kinship model among African Americans (Nuclear Family).

Question 54

Why was there Paternalism for slaves?

Answer 54

Although blacks yearned for freedom, they often relied on whites for food, clothing, shelter, and security/protection. The paternal relationship between slave and master consisted of harsh actions, but sometimes kind actions. Creating mutual dependence helped reduced resistance from blacks.