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Religion > Chapter 2 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Test Flashcards

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Religion Crash Course flashcards
1
Q

What is human dignity and what is the Catholic view on it?

A
  • who we are independent of how we behave
  • catholic view: we are all made in the likeness of God so we all deserve a basic level of respect
  • i.e. preferential option for the poor
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2
Q

What is being dignified

A
  • socially, it’s typically seen as being prestigous and honourable
  • however, it’s actually the idea of being worthy of respect
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3
Q

What is love?

(baby don’t hurt me)

A
  • a choice that is independent of feeling
  • it’s tested if we’re able to uphold our principles even towards those we don’t like or when we don’t feel like being loving
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4
Q

What is prayer?

A
  • something that is present in all faith traditions
  • it’s rooted in a desire our petition greater than ourselves
  • it taps into a power within us and outside of ourselves
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5
Q

What are ✨morals✨

A
  • actions that reflect our ethics
  • ways to attain goodness
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6
Q

What are ✨ethics✨

A
  • our beliefs of what’s right vs wrong
  • the things that good people do
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7
Q

Who was Aristotle?

A
  • student of Plato
  • explored the natural world within philosophy
  • accused of not respecting the gods and fled, his teachings were later rediscovered by St Thomas Aquinas
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8
Q

What did Aristotle believe about ethics and happiness?

A
  • everything had a unique essence
  • human essence meant having the ability to reason (be knowledgeable) and the ability to love (be compassionate)
  • every human has the goal of being happy
  • temporary sources of happiness are pleasures
  • permanent happiness comes from being knowledgeable and compassionate
  • other people are necessary for us to be good to ourselves
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9
Q

What did Aristotle believe about habits?

A
  • action is more important than the intention
  • you are what you repeatedly do
  • we act according to our habits in moral stress
  • every habit begins with a choice
  • habits in their extremes are addictions, which are dehumanizing because they mess w/ our ability to reason
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10
Q

What were Aristotle’s three theories?

A
  1. Polis: the democratic idea that we all have a right and responsibility to contribute to our community
  2. Teleology: to act ethically is to engage our capacity to reason as we develop good character – basically using our knowledge and reasoning skills to be better people (?)
  3. Doctrine of the Mean: the belief that the good lies in between happiness and pleasure
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11
Q

What were the two main “breaking point events” in Christianity?

A
  • The Great Schism (mutual excommunication, both believed they were the OG church)
  • Protestant Reformation (tysm martin luther)
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12
Q

What do Protestants believe?

A
  • emphasis on scripture and it’s importance
  • have no central moral authority
  • Roman Catholic priests were too corrupt
  • Catholic church had too many sacraments
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13
Q

What do Puritans believe?

A
  • distrustful of technology bc it can make life too easy when it isn’t supposed to be
  • should be obedient to God
  • humans are dualistic – are soul and bodies are separate from one another, our soul belongs to God and the body belongs to earth/the devil
  • earth is the devil’s domain
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14
Q

Who was Kant?

A
  • a fun lil philosopher guy raised in puritanism and walks the line between philosophy and his religion
  • he wanted to determine the criteria for what is considered good
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15
Q

What did Kant believe?

hint: intention!!

A
  • the only purely good human thing is an intention
  • this is because they exist in the realm of the individual and God
  • an act is slightly less pure than the intention
  • we must push ourselves outside of our comfort zones to make our intentions pure bc ppl have a tendency to lean towards moral laziness
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16
Q

What are the three important ideas regarding Kant’s ethics?

A
  • God: we can’t achieve supreme good w/o God (who’s perfect)
  • Freedom: we have to do what we’re able to, and to have duty we have the ability to choose
  • Immortality: there is a life beyond where we can achieve supreme good
17
Q

What is the idea behind Aristotle’s teleological ethics?

A
  • that we are able to set a goal of being happy and making a plan to reach that goal
18
Q

What is the idea behind Kant’s deontological ethics?

A
  • it’s centered in our duty/obligations
  • our duties and roles as people need to be as objective as possible because duty can’t be reliant on your feelings
  • “we have duties and obligations in our roles as people that we must hold to a slightly uncomfortable degree”
19
Q

What are Kant’s Maxisms?

A
  • principles that are objective and definitive
  • the highest ethical principles
  • you should never act in a way that you would not want to become universal law
  • treat others as an end and never as a means, otherwise it’s dehumanizing (unless they’re ppl of service)
20
Q

Who was Levinas?

A
  • a not super religious dude for most of his life
  • buttt he became religious after WW2 and survivng the holocaust and concentration camps
  • he thought that categories could be dehumanizing bc the cause assumptions
21
Q

What are Levinas’ ethics of the eye/face

A
  • the only thing you can actually know about someone else is that they aren’t you
  • the Other is superior to the self since it does for me what I can’t do for myself
  • uniqueness can be found in the eyes (since it’s the only body part that can’t be manipulated)
  • when we look into the eyes of someone else we see the plea to not hurt them but rather love them
  • if we’re good ppl we’d love them back
  • we all have a piece of the divine within us, it is our unique humanity
  • we can’t see our own divinity
  • the humanity seen in someone else’s eyes is the divinity of God within them
22
Q

What is the singularity of things?

A
  • something Levinas advocated for
  • the things that make people uniquely them
23
Q

What is the sameness of things?

A
  • something that Aristotle advocated for
  • everything in the same category are the same
24
Q

What is agency?

A
  • the ability to forsee the consequences of an action and be held accountable for those consequences
25
Q

What is an agent?

A
  • someone who acts freely but also knowingly
  • they choose whether or not they do or don’t do something
  • they’re able to take accountability for their actions
    • exceptions to these guidelines ppl who are mentally challenged or small babies and children*
26
Q

What are human actions?

A
  • things we do that give us our identity
  • made up of things like the things we think, do, and our experiences
  • actions are dependent on the person performing them
  • for every action there’s an agent
27
Q

What is freedom?

A
  • human potential, the capacity/power to act
  • action is the realization of said power
  • when one uses their freedoms they can create change/intervention
  • freedom doesn’t equate to being free from consequences

Religion (7 decks)

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